Toxic multinodular goiter surgery: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for Toxic multinodular goiter. Almost all multinodular goiters can be surgically removed through a collar incision. Usually, subtotal thyroidectomy is performed but unilateral lobectomy can also be performed in selected cases. | Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for Toxic multinodular goiter. Almost all multinodular goiters can be surgically removed through a collar incision. Usually, [[subtotal thyroidectomy]] is performed but unilateral [[thyroid lobectomy]] can also be performed in selected cases. | ||
==Surgery== | ==Surgery== | ||
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for Toxic multinodular goiter. | Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for Toxic multinodular goiter. | ||
Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
Almost all multinodular goiters can be surgically removed through a collar incision. An additional thoracotomy is very rarely necessary. | Almost all multinodular goiters can be surgically removed through a collar incision. An additional thoracotomy is very rarely necessary. | ||
====Subtotal thyroidectomy==== | ====Subtotal thyroidectomy==== | ||
Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy is effective in the treatment of multinodular goiter (with hot or cold nodules). | Bilateral [[subtotal thyroidectomy]] is effective in the treatment of multinodular goiter (with hot or cold nodules). | ||
====Unilateral Lobectomy==== | ====Unilateral Lobectomy==== | ||
A unilateral lobectomy may be performed if only one thyroid lobe is enlarged. | A unilateral [[thyroid lobectomy]] may be performed if only one thyroid lobe is enlarged. | ||
====Side effects of surgery==== | ====Side effects of surgery==== | ||
The side effects associated with thyroidectomy include:<ref name="pmid9267482">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pelizzo MR, Bernante P, Toniato A, Fassina A |title=Frequency of thyroid carcinoma in a recent series of 539 consecutive thyroidectomies for multinodular goiter |journal=Tumori |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=653–5 |year=1997 |pmid=9267482 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlComplications after Total ThyroidectomyOtolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery - Larry J. Shemen, Elliot W. Strong, 1989">{{cite web |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/019459988910100411 |title=Complications after Total ThyroidectomyOtolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery - Larry J. Shemen, Elliot W. Strong, 1989 |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="urlMorphological and functional polymorphism within clonal thyroid nodules | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic">{{cite web |url=https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/77/3/846/2649924/Morphological-and-functional-polymorphism-within?redirectedFrom=fulltext |title=Morphological and functional polymorphism within clonal thyroid nodules | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | The side effects associated with thyroidectomy include:<ref name="pmid9267482">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pelizzo MR, Bernante P, Toniato A, Fassina A |title=Frequency of thyroid carcinoma in a recent series of 539 consecutive thyroidectomies for multinodular goiter |journal=Tumori |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=653–5 |year=1997 |pmid=9267482 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlComplications after Total ThyroidectomyOtolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery - Larry J. Shemen, Elliot W. Strong, 1989">{{cite web |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/019459988910100411 |title=Complications after Total ThyroidectomyOtolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery - Larry J. Shemen, Elliot W. Strong, 1989 |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="urlMorphological and functional polymorphism within clonal thyroid nodules | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic">{{cite web |url=https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/77/3/846/2649924/Morphological-and-functional-polymorphism-within?redirectedFrom=fulltext |title=Morphological and functional polymorphism within clonal thyroid nodules | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
*Post-operative hypothyroidism | *Post-operative [[hypothyroidism]] | ||
*Recurrent laryngeal palsy | *Recurrent [[laryngeal palsy]] | ||
*Hypocalcaemia | *[[Hypocalcaemia]] | ||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 20:48, 9 October 2017
Toxic multinodular goiter Microchapters |
Differentiating Toxic multinodular goiter from other Diseases |
---|
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Toxic multinodular goiter surgery On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Toxic multinodular goiter surgery |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Toxic multinodular goiter surgery |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[2],Sunny Kumar MD [3]
Overview
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for Toxic multinodular goiter. Almost all multinodular goiters can be surgically removed through a collar incision. Usually, subtotal thyroidectomy is performed but unilateral thyroid lobectomy can also be performed in selected cases.
Surgery
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for Toxic multinodular goiter.
Indications
Indications of surgery for multinodular goiter (MNG) includes:
- Rapid enlargement of goiter
- Rapidly enlarging thyroid nodules
- FNAC is positive or suspicious of malignancy
- Compression of trachea, esophagus, and other neck structures
- Substernal thyroid extension
- Co-existence of hyperparathyroidism
- Risk of malignancy
- Suspicious cervical lymphadenopathy
- Radiation exposure
Surgical procedures
Almost all multinodular goiters can be surgically removed through a collar incision. An additional thoracotomy is very rarely necessary.
Subtotal thyroidectomy
Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy is effective in the treatment of multinodular goiter (with hot or cold nodules).
Unilateral Lobectomy
A unilateral thyroid lobectomy may be performed if only one thyroid lobe is enlarged.
Side effects of surgery
The side effects associated with thyroidectomy include:[1][2][3]
- Post-operative hypothyroidism
- Recurrent laryngeal palsy
- Hypocalcaemia
References
- ↑ Pelizzo MR, Bernante P, Toniato A, Fassina A (1997). "Frequency of thyroid carcinoma in a recent series of 539 consecutive thyroidectomies for multinodular goiter". Tumori. 83 (3): 653–5. PMID 9267482.
- ↑ "Complications after Total ThyroidectomyOtolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery - Larry J. Shemen, Elliot W. Strong, 1989".
- ↑ "Morphological and functional polymorphism within clonal thyroid nodules | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic".