Toxic multinodular goiter surgery: Difference between revisions
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Indications of surgery for multinodular goiter (MNG) includes: | Indications of surgery for multinodular goiter (MNG) includes: | ||
*Rapid enlargement of goiter | *Rapid enlargement of goiter | ||
*Rapidly enlarging thyroid nodules | *Rapidly enlarging [[thyroid nodules]] | ||
*FNAC is positive or suspicious of malignancy | *FNAC is positive or suspicious of malignancy | ||
*Compression of trachea, esophagus, and other neck structures | *Compression of [[trachea]], [[esophagus]], and other neck structures | ||
*Risk of malignancy | *[[Substernal thyroid]] extension | ||
**Suspicious cervical lymphadenopathy | *Co-existence of [[hyperparathyroidism]] | ||
**Radiation exposure | *Risk of [[malignancy]] | ||
**Suspicious [[cervical lymphadenopathy]] | |||
**[[Radiation]] exposure | |||
===Surgical procedures=== | ===Surgical procedures=== | ||
Revision as of 20:45, 9 October 2017
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Toxic multinodular goiter Microchapters |
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Differentiating Toxic multinodular goiter from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[2],Sunny Kumar MD [3]
Overview
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for Toxic multinodular goiter. Almost all multinodular goiters can be surgically removed through a collar incision. Usually, subtotal thyroidectomy is performed but unilateral lobectomy can also be performed in selected cases.
Surgery
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for Toxic multinodular goiter.
Indications
Indications of surgery for multinodular goiter (MNG) includes:
- Rapid enlargement of goiter
- Rapidly enlarging thyroid nodules
- FNAC is positive or suspicious of malignancy
- Compression of trachea, esophagus, and other neck structures
- Substernal thyroid extension
- Co-existence of hyperparathyroidism
- Risk of malignancy
- Suspicious cervical lymphadenopathy
- Radiation exposure
Surgical procedures
Almost all multinodular goiters can be surgically removed through a collar incision. An additional thoracotomy is very rarely necessary.
Subtotal thyroidectomy
Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy is effective in the treatment of multinodular goiter (with hot or cold nodules).
Unilateral Lobectomy
A unilateral lobectomy may be performed if only one thyroid lobe is enlarged.
Side effects of surgery
The side effects associated with thyroidectomy include:[1][2][3]
- Post-operative hypothyroidism
- Recurrent laryngeal palsy
- Hypocalcaemia
References
- ↑ Pelizzo MR, Bernante P, Toniato A, Fassina A (1997). "Frequency of thyroid carcinoma in a recent series of 539 consecutive thyroidectomies for multinodular goiter". Tumori. 83 (3): 653–5. PMID 9267482.
- ↑ "Complications after Total ThyroidectomyOtolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery - Larry J. Shemen, Elliot W. Strong, 1989".
- ↑ "Morphological and functional polymorphism within clonal thyroid nodules | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic".