Tetrabenazine

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Tetrabenazine
File:Tetrabenazine.png
Clinical data
Routes of
administration
tablets: 25 mg
ATC code
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CAS Number
PubChem CID
E number{{#property:P628}}
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Chemical and physical data
FormulaC19H27NO3
Molar mass317.427

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Tetrabenazine is a drug for the symptomatical treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorder and is marketed under the trade names Nitoman® in Canada and Xenazine® in New Zealand and some parts of Europe, and is also available in the USA as an orphan drug. The compound is known since the 1950s. Tetrabenazine works mainly as a VMAT-inhibitor[1] and as such promotes the early metabolic degradation of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Common uses

Tetrabenazine is used as a treatment, but not a cure for hyperkinetic disorders[2] such as:

Side effects

Because tetrabenazine is closely related to the antipsychotics, many of its side effects are similar. Some of these include:

  • Akathisia (aka "restless pacing" - an inability to keep still, with intense anxiety when forced to do so)
  • Depression - the most common side effect, reported in roughly 15% of those who take the medication
  • Dizziness/drowsiness
  • Parkinsonism

Unlike many of the antipychotics, tetrabenazine is not known to cause Tardive dyskinesia, and in fact can be an effective treatment for the antipsychotic-induced movement disorder.

Warnings

  • Because of the relatively high incidence of depression, it has been recommended that people with a history of depression avoid taking tetrabenazine. Research into this is ongoing however, and this warning may be dropped in the future.
  • The concomitant intake of MAO inhibitors is contraindicated.

References

  1. Guangrong Zheng et al. (2006): "Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2: Role as a Novel Target for Drug Development", AAPSJ. Fulltext
  2. Jankovic J, Beach J (1997). "Long-term effects of tetrabenazine in hyperkinetic movement disorders". Neurology. 48 (2): 358–62. PMID 9040721.

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