Sudden cardiac death (patient information): Difference between revisions

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==When to seek urgent medical care?==
==When to seek urgent medical care?==
 
* Evaluation of [[SCD]] decedents is recommended for:
 
**First degree relatives of [[patients]] who suffered [[SCD]]
**Relatives who have [[inherited]] the [[genetic mutation]] based on the [[family history]] analysis
**Relatives who possess [[symptoms]] of [[SCD]] <ref name="pmid20646679">{{cite journal| author=van der Werf C, Hofman N, Tan HL, van Dessel PF, Alders M, van der Wal AC | display-authors=etal| title=Diagnostic yield in sudden unexplained death and aborted cardiac arrest in the young: the experience of a tertiary referral center in The Netherlands. | journal=Heart Rhythm | year= 2010 | volume= 7 | issue= 10 | pages= 1383-9 | pmid=20646679 | doi=10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.05.036 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20646679  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid14602442">{{cite journal| author=Behr E, Wood DA, Wright M, Syrris P, Sheppard MN, Casey A | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiological assessment of first-degree relatives in sudden arrhythmic death syndrome. | journal=Lancet | year= 2003 | volume= 362 | issue= 9394 | pages= 1457-9 | pmid=14602442 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14692-2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14602442  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid15998675">{{cite journal| author=Tan HL, Hofman N, van Langen IM, van der Wal AC, Wilde AA| title=Sudden unexplained death: heritability and diagnostic yield of cardiological and genetic examination in surviving relatives. | journal=Circulation | year= 2005 | volume= 112 | issue= 2 | pages= 207-13 | pmid=15998675 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.522581 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15998675  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid18508782">{{cite journal| author=Behr ER, Dalageorgou C, Christiansen M, Syrris P, Hughes S, Tome Esteban MT | display-authors=etal| title=Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome: familial evaluation identifies inheritable heart disease in the majority of families. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 2008 | volume= 29 | issue= 13 | pages= 1670-80 | pmid=18508782 | doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehn219 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18508782  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid29544603">{{cite journal| author=Papadakis M, Papatheodorou E, Mellor G, Raju H, Bastiaenen R, Wijeyeratne Y | display-authors=etal| title=The Diagnostic Yield of Brugada Syndrome After Sudden Death With Normal Autopsy. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2018 | volume= 71 | issue= 11 | pages= 1204-1214 | pmid=29544603 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.031 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29544603  }} </ref>.


==Treatment options==
==Treatment options==
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==Prevention==
==Prevention==
* Application of [[ICD]] are helpful in minimizing the risk for [[SCD]].
* Application of [[ICD]] are helpful in minimizing the risk for [[SCD]] <ref name="pmid26464886">{{cite journal| author=Higgins JP, Andino A| title=Soccer and Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Competitive Athletes: A Review. | journal=J Sports Med (Hindawi Publ Corp) | year= 2013 | volume= 2013 | issue=  | pages= 967183 | pmid=26464886 | doi=10.1155/2013/967183 | pmc=4590894 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26464886  }} </ref>.
<ref name="pmid26464886">{{cite journal| author=Higgins JP, Andino A| title=Soccer and Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Competitive Athletes: A Review. | journal=J Sports Med (Hindawi Publ Corp) | year= 2013 | volume= 2013 | issue=  | pages= 967183 | pmid=26464886 | doi=10.1155/2013/967183 | pmc=4590894 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26464886  }} </ref>
* [[Cardiac screening]] for [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] ([[HCM]]) among athletes is necessary prior to active participation in sports as [[HCM]] is most commonly associated with [[SCD]] in young adults.


==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?==
==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?==
 
* Poor [[neurological]] outcomes are expected in patients who survived [[SCA]] <ref name="pmid32406999">{{cite journal| author=Lotfi A, Klein LW, Hira RS, Mallidi J, Mehran R, Messenger JC | display-authors=etal| title=SCAI expert consensus statement on out of hospital cardiac arrest. | journal=Catheter Cardiovasc Interv | year= 2020 | volume= 96 | issue= 4 | pages= 844-861 | pmid=32406999 | doi=10.1002/ccd.28990 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32406999  }} </ref>.
 
==Possible complications==
 
 


==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 18:52, 19 July 2023

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, D.M.D., M.D.

Overview

What are the symptoms of sudden cardiac death?

What causes sudden cardiac death?

Some medical problems that could cause sudden cardiac death include:

Who is at highest risk?

Diagnosis

When to seek urgent medical care?

Treatment options

Prevention

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Sources

  1. Katritsis DG, Gersh BJ, Camm AJ (2016). "A Clinical Perspective on Sudden Cardiac Death". Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 5 (3): 177–182. doi:10.15420/aer.2016:11:2. PMC 5248660. PMID 28116082.
  2. Bagnall RD, Weintraub RG, Ingles J, Duflou J, Yeates L, Lam L; et al. (2016). "A Prospective Study of Sudden Cardiac Death among Children and Young Adults". N Engl J Med. 374 (25): 2441–52. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1510687. PMID 27332903.
  3. Basso C, Aguilera B, Banner J, Cohle S, d'Amati G, de Gouveia RH; et al. (2017). "Guidelines for autopsy investigation of sudden cardiac death: 2017 update from the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology". Virchows Arch. 471 (6): 691–705. doi:10.1007/s00428-017-2221-0. PMC 5711979. PMID 28889247.
  4. van der Werf C, Hofman N, Tan HL, van Dessel PF, Alders M, van der Wal AC; et al. (2010). "Diagnostic yield in sudden unexplained death and aborted cardiac arrest in the young: the experience of a tertiary referral center in The Netherlands". Heart Rhythm. 7 (10): 1383–9. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.05.036. PMID 20646679.
  5. Behr E, Wood DA, Wright M, Syrris P, Sheppard MN, Casey A; et al. (2003). "Cardiological assessment of first-degree relatives in sudden arrhythmic death syndrome". Lancet. 362 (9394): 1457–9. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14692-2. PMID 14602442.
  6. Tan HL, Hofman N, van Langen IM, van der Wal AC, Wilde AA (2005). "Sudden unexplained death: heritability and diagnostic yield of cardiological and genetic examination in surviving relatives". Circulation. 112 (2): 207–13. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.522581. PMID 15998675.
  7. Behr ER, Dalageorgou C, Christiansen M, Syrris P, Hughes S, Tome Esteban MT; et al. (2008). "Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome: familial evaluation identifies inheritable heart disease in the majority of families". Eur Heart J. 29 (13): 1670–80. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn219. PMID 18508782.
  8. Papadakis M, Papatheodorou E, Mellor G, Raju H, Bastiaenen R, Wijeyeratne Y; et al. (2018). "The Diagnostic Yield of Brugada Syndrome After Sudden Death With Normal Autopsy". J Am Coll Cardiol. 71 (11): 1204–1214. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.031. PMID 29544603.
  9. Mazzanti A, Maragna R, Faragli A, Monteforte N, Bloise R, Memmi M; et al. (2016). "Gene-Specific Therapy With Mexiletine Reduces Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Long QT Syndrome Type 3". J Am Coll Cardiol. 67 (9): 1053–1058. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.12.033. PMC 4773513. PMID 26940925.
  10. Watanabe H, Chopra N, Laver D, Hwang HS, Davies SS, Roach DE; et al. (2009). "Flecainide prevents catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in mice and humans". Nat Med. 15 (4): 380–3. doi:10.1038/nm.1942. PMC 2904954. PMID 19330009.
  11. Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, Peters RW, Obias-Manno D, Barker AH; et al. (1991). "Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial". N Engl J Med. 324 (12): 781–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM199103213241201. PMID 1900101.
  12. Greene HL, Roden DM, Katz RJ, Woosley RL, Salerno DM, Henthorn RW (1992). "The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial: first CAST ... then CAST-II". J Am Coll Cardiol. 19 (5): 894–8. doi:10.1016/0735-1097(92)90267-q. PMID 1552108.
  13. van Welsenes GH, van Rees JB, Borleffs CJ, Cannegieter SC, Bax JJ, van Erven L; et al. (2011). "Long-term follow-up of primary and secondary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients". Europace. 13 (3): 389–94. doi:10.1093/europace/euq494. PMID 21208947.
  14. Kuck KH, Schaumann A, Eckardt L, Willems S, Ventura R, Delacrétaz E; et al. (2010). "Catheter ablation of stable ventricular tachycardia before defibrillator implantation in patients with coronary heart disease (VTACH): a multicentre randomised controlled trial". Lancet. 375 (9708): 31–40. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61755-4. PMID 20109864.
  15. Schleberger R, Jularic M, Salzbrunn T, Hacke C, Schwarzl JM, Hoffmann BA; et al. (2020). "Outcome of catheter ablation of non-reentrant ventricular arrhythmias in patients with and without structural heart disease". Eur J Med Res. 25 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/s40001-020-0400-y. PMC 7076989 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32183887 Check |pmid= value (help).
  16. Higgins JP, Andino A (2013). "Soccer and Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Competitive Athletes: A Review". J Sports Med (Hindawi Publ Corp). 2013: 967183. doi:10.1155/2013/967183. PMC 4590894. PMID 26464886.
  17. Lotfi A, Klein LW, Hira RS, Mallidi J, Mehran R, Messenger JC; et al. (2020). "SCAI expert consensus statement on out of hospital cardiac arrest". Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 96 (4): 844–861. doi:10.1002/ccd.28990. PMID 32406999 Check |pmid= value (help).