Stupor: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 71: Line 71:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Infection involving the brain {[[brain abscess]], [[meningitis]]), an infection complicated by [[sepsis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| Infection involving the brain ([[brain abscess]], [[meningitis]]), an infection complicated by [[sepsis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 138: Line 138:
In alphabetical order:
In alphabetical order:
*[[Alcohol abuse]]
*[[Alcohol abuse]]
*[[Alzheimer's disease]]
*[[Anticonvulsants]]
*[[Anticonvulsants]]
*[[Antidepressants]]
*[[Antidepressants]]
Line 143: Line 144:
*[[Anxiolytics]]
*[[Anxiolytics]]
*[[Arrhythmias]] such as [[heart block]]
*[[Arrhythmias]] such as [[heart block]]
*[[Brain abscess]]
*[[Brain tumor]]
*[[Brain tumor]]
*[[Cardiogenic shock]]
*[[Cardiogenic shock]]
*[[Congestive heart failure]]
*[[Congestive heart failure]]
*[[Dementia]]
*[[Major depressive disorder|Depression]]
*[[Major depressive disorder|Depression]]
*[[Heat stroke]]
*[[Heat stroke]]
Line 162: Line 165:
*[[Infectious disease]]s, complicated by [[sepsis]]
*[[Infectious disease]]s, complicated by [[sepsis]]
*Lesions of the [[Reticular activating system|Ascending Reticular Activation System]] on height of the [[pons]] and [[metencephalon]] have been shown to cause stupor. The incidence is higher after left-sided [[lesion]]s.
*Lesions of the [[Reticular activating system|Ascending Reticular Activation System]] on height of the [[pons]] and [[metencephalon]] have been shown to cause stupor. The incidence is higher after left-sided [[lesion]]s.
*[[Liver failure]]
*[[LSD]]
*[[LSD]]
*[[Meningitis]]
*[[Mental illness]]
*[[Mental illness]]
*[[Narcotics]]
*[[Narcotics]]
Line 168: Line 173:
*[[Opiates]]
*[[Opiates]]
*[[Renal insufficiency]]  
*[[Renal insufficiency]]  
*[[Seizure]]
*[[Sedatives]]
*[[Sedatives]]
*[[Schizophrenia]]
*[[Schizophrenia]]
*[[Stroke]]
*[[Vitamin D deficiency]]
*[[Vitamin D deficiency]]



Revision as of 18:12, 6 August 2011

For patient information, click here

Stupor

Template:Search infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Stupor is the lack of critical cognitive function and level of consciousness wherein a sufferer is almost entirely unresponsive and only responds to base stimuli such as pain. akinesis and mutism are present but with relative preservation of conscious awareness. A person is also rigid and mute and only appears to be conscious as the eyes are open and follow surrounding objects (Gelder, Mayou and Geddes 2005).

Historical Perspective

The word derives from the Latin stupure, meaning insensible.[1]

Differential Diagnosis of Underlying Causes

By organ system:

Cardiovascular Arrhythmias such as heart block, Cardiogenic shock, Congestive heart failure, hypertensive crisis, hypotension
Chemical / poisoning Alcohol abuse, heavy metals, hydrocarbons
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Anxiolytics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, LSD, narcotics, opiates, sedatives
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Hyperglycemia, hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism
Environmental Heavy metals, hypothermia
Gastroenterologic Liver failure
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Overdose of anxiolytics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, narcotics, opiates, sedatives
Infectious Disease Infection involving the brain (brain abscess, meningitis), an infection complicated by sepsis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic Alzheimer's disease, dementia, Lesions of the Ascending Reticular Activation System on height of the pons and metencephalon have been shown to cause stupor. The incidence is higher after left-sided lesions, seizure, stroke
Nutritional / Metabolic Vitamin D deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Brain tumor
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Alcohol abuse, narcotics, opiates, sedatives
Psychiatric conversion disorder, depression, extreme fatigue, schizophrenia
Pulmonary COPD, hypercarbia, hypoxia due to a wide variety of lung diseases,
Renal / Electrolyte Hypercalcemia, hyponatremia, renal insufficiency (acute and chronic)
Rheum / Immune / Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Heat stroke, hypothermia, near drowning
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes


In alphabetical order:

Differentiating stupor from other conditions

Stupor is not the same thing as a coma or a vegetative state. For example, some people who become injured suddenly with a concussion or some other cognitive impairment resulting from injury enter a stupor, where they are partially aware of their surroundings, or they become unconscious until they are revived by themselves or by others. This is often[citation needed] mistaken for delirium and treated with Haldol and or other anti-psychotic drugs.

Diagnosis

Symptoms

If not stimulated externally, a patient with stupor will be in a sleepy mode most of the time. In some extreme cases of severe depressive disorders the patient can become motionless, lose their appetite and become mute. Short periods of restricted responsivity can be achieved by intense stimulation (e.g. pain, bright light, loud noise).

CT Findings

Lesions of the Ascending Reticular Activation System on height of the pons and metencephalon have been shown to cause stupor. The incidence is higher after left-sided lesions.

See also

References

  1. Berrios G E (1981) Stupor: A Conceptual History. Psychological Medicine 11: 677-688

Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs

Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs Template:Speech and voice symptoms and signs Template:General symptoms and signs

da:Stupor de:Stupor it:Stupor sr:Ступор sv:Stupor

Template:WikiDoc Sources