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{{SK}} Simmond syndrome; postpartum pituitary gland necrosis.
{{SK}} Simmond syndrome; postpartum pituitary gland necrosis.


==Overview==
==[[Sheehan's syndrome overview|Overview]]==
'''Sheehan syndrome''', also known as '''postpartum hypopituitarism''' or '''postpartum pituitary necrosis''', is [[hypopituitarism]] (decreased functioning of the [[pituitary gland]]), caused by [[necrosis]] due to [[hemorrhage|blood loss]] and [[hypovolemic shock]] during and after [[childbirth]].


==Causes==
==[[Sheehan's syndrome historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
It is a rare complication of [[pregnancy]], usually occurring after excessive blood loss; the presence of [[disseminated intravascular coagulation]] (e. in [[amniotic fluid embolism]] or [[HELLP syndrome]]) also appears to be a factor in its development.


==Pathophysiology==
==[[Sheehan's syndrome pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of [[lactotrophs]] during pregnancy results in the enlargement of the [[anterior pituitary]], without a corresponding increase in blood supply.


Secondly, the anterior pituitary is supplied by a low pressure [[portal venous system]].
==[[Sheehan's syndrome causes|Causes]]==


These vulnerabilities, when affected by major [[hemorrhage]] or hypotension during the peripartum period, can result in [[ischaemia]] of the affected pituitary regions leading to [[necrosis]].
==[[Sheehan's syndrome differential diagnosis|Differentiating Sheehan's syndrome from other Diseases]]==


The [[posterior pituitary]] is usually not affected due to its direct arterial supply.
==[[Sheehan's syndrome epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


==Eponym==
==[[Sheehan's syndrome risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
It is named for Harold Sheehan.<ref>{{WhoNamedIt|synd|2009}}</ref><ref>H. L. Sheehan. Post-partum necrosis of anterior pituitary. The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, Chichester, 1937, 45: 189-214.</ref>


==References==
==[[Sheehan's syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Diagnosis==
 
[[Sheehan's syndrome history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Sheehan's syndrome physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Sheehan's syndrome laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Sheehan's syndrome x ray|X Ray]] | [[Sheehan's syndrome CT|CT]] | [[Sheehan's syndrome MRI|MRI]] | [[Sheehan's syndrome echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Sheehan's syndrome other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Sheehan's syndrome other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
 
[[Sheehan's syndrome medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Sheehan's syndrome prevention|Prevention]] | [[Sheehan's syndrome cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Sheehan's syndrome future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
 
[[Sheehan's syndrome case study one|Case #1]]


{{Endocrine pathology}}
{{Endocrine pathology}}

Revision as of 14:58, 19 September 2012

Sheehan syndrome
ICD-10 E23.0
ICD-9 253.2
DiseasesDB 11998
MedlinePlus 001175
MeSH D007018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Simmond syndrome; postpartum pituitary gland necrosis.

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Sheehan's syndrome from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

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Case #1

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