Seminoma staging: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 15:01, 26 February 2016

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) includes serum tumor marker levels in the stages for germ cell tumors, including seminoma. S describes the levels of serum tumour markers in the blood after orchiectomy. The serum tumor markers measured are alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).^[1]


S	Serum tumor marker levels

SX	Tumor marker levels are not available or have not been measured.
S0	Tumor marker levels are normal.
S1	All tumor marker levels are above normal. AFP is less than 1,000 ng/mL. HCG is less than 5,000 mIU/mL. LDH is less than 1.5 times the upper limit of the normal range.
S2	At least one tumor marker level is high. AFP is between 1,000 and 10,000 ng/mL. HCG is between 5,000 and 50,000 mIU/mL. LDH is 1.5–10 times the upper limit of the normal range.
S3	At least one tumor marker level is very high. AFP is higher than 10,000 ng/mL. HCG is higher than 50,000 mIU/mL. LDH is more than 10 times the upper limit of the normal range.

↑ Staging testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/staging/?region=on. Accessed on February 26, 2016

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 *LDH is less than 1.5 times the upper limit of the normal range.
 |-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" align=center|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" align=center|S2
-Stage IV
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |At least one [[tumor marker|tumor marker level]] is high.
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*[[AFP]] is between 1,000 and 10,000 ng/mL.
-Disseminated spread to extranodal sites or spread to the lymph nodes above the diaphragm (supradiaphragmatic nodal involvement)
+*[[HCG]] is between 5,000 and 50,000 mIU/mL.
+*[[LDH]] is 1.5–10 times the upper limit of the normal range.
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" align=center|S3
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |At least one tumor marker level is very high.
+*AFP is higher than 10,000 ng/mL.
+*HCG is higher than 50,000 mIU/mL.
+*LDH is more than 10 times the upper limit of the normal range.
 |}