Sandbox Ochuko
The upper part of the GI tract will usually cause black stools due to:
- Abnormal blood vessels (vascular malformation)
- A tear in the esophagus from violent vomiting (Mallory-Weiss tear)
- Bleeding stomach or duodenal ulcer
- Inflammation of the stomach lining (gastritis)
- Lack of proper blood flow to the intestines (bowel ischemia)
- Trauma or foreign body
- Widened, overgrown veins (called varices) in the esophagus and stomach
| Primary treatment option Atropine
❑ Administer a first dose 0.5 mg IV bolus ❑ Repeat every 3-5 minutes ❑ Administer a maximum dose of 3 mg | |||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary treatment options If atropine ineffective: ❑ Administer dopamine infusion (2-10 mcg/kg/min) OR ❑ Administer epinephrine infusion (2-10 mcg/min) OR ❑ Proceed with transcutaneous pacing | |||||||||||||||||||
❑ Consult a cardiologist ❑ Consider transvenous pacing | |||||||||||||||||||
- Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
- Allopurinol
- Aniline
- Behcet's disease
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Benzidine
- Bladder incontinence
- Bladder stones
- Bleomycin
- Candida
- Carbenicillin
- Cetirizine
- Chemical cystitis
- Chlamydia
- Chlordimeform
- Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract
- Crohn's disease
- Cyclophosphamide
- Cystoscopy
- Danazol
- Dehydration
- Diabetes
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Diaphragm
- Diarrhea
- Diverticulitis
- Doxorubicin
- Drug induced cystitis
- Endometriosis
- Enterobacter
- Episiotomy scar infection
- Escherichia coli
- Ether
- Foreign body cystitis
- Gonorrhea
- Gynecological cancers
- Hemorrhagic cystitis
- Honeymoon cystitis
- Hunner's ulcer
- Ifosfamide
- Immobility
- Interstitial cystitis
- Intravesical acetic acid
- Kidney stones
- Klebsiella
- Lupus
- Methaqualone
- Methenamine mandelate
- Methicillin
- Methotrexate
- Mucoepithelial dysplasia, Witkop type
- Nonoxynol-9 suppositories
- NSAIDS
- Penicillin VK
- Penicillins
- PID
- Piperacillin
- Posterior urethral valves
- Prostatitis
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Radiotherapy
- Schistosomiasis
- Serratia
- Sexually transmitted diseases
- Spermicidal jellies
- Spinal cord injury
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Tampon
- Temozolomide
- Tiaprofenic acid
- Ticarcillin
- Toluidine
- Trichomoniasis
- Tuberculosis
- Urachal cancer
- Urachal cyst
- Urethral syndrome
- Urethritis
- Urinary catheter
- Urinary obstruction
- Urinary stones
- Urofacial syndrome
- Vesicoenteric fistula
- Xanthinuria
References
Overview
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Common Causes
Diagnosis
Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation
Complete Evaluation
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