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==Causes== | |||
[[Hypogammaglobulinemia]] is caused by: | |||
* | Immunodeficiency secondary to: | ||
*[[Uremia]] | |||
: | *Protein losing enteropathy | ||
:* | *[[Nephrotic syndrome]] | ||
*Malnutrition | |||
*Cirrhosis | |||
*Hemodialysis | |||
* Intestinal lymphangiectasia | |||
* Protein-losing gastroenteropathy | |||
*[[Nephrotic syndrome]] | |||
*[[Thymoma]] <ref name="pmid29881497">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aouadi S, Ghrairi N, Braham E, Kaabi M, Maâlej S, Elgharbi LD |title=[Acquired hypogammaglobulinemia associated with thymoma: Good syndrome] |language=French |journal=Pan Afr Med J |volume=28 |issue= |pages=253 |date=2017 |pmid=29881497 |pmc=5989270 |doi=10.11604/pamj.2017.28.253.11352 |url=}}</ref> | |||
* Medications : | |||
** Gold | |||
**D-Penicillamine | |||
**Sulfasalazin | |||
**Anticonvulsants | |||
**Glucocorticoids | |||
**Methotrexate | |||
**Calcineurin inhibitors | |||
** Rituximab<ref name="pmid29755528">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shoukat BA, Ali O, Kumar D, Bilal Gilani M, Zahid A, Aslam Joiya S, Anwar Malik M |title=Hypogammaglobulinemia Observed One Year after Rituximab Treatment for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |journal=Case Rep Med |volume=2018 |issue= |pages=2096186 |date=2018 |pmid=29755528 |pmc=5884289 |doi=10.1155/2018/2096186 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29752554">{{cite journal |vauthors=Farhat L, Dara J, Duberstein S, De A |title=Secondary Hypogammaglobulinemia After Rituximab for Neuromyelitis Optica: A Case Report |journal=Drug Saf Case Rep |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=22 |date=May 2018 |pmid=29752554 |pmc=5948191 |doi=10.1007/s40800-018-0087-y |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29627491">{{cite journal |vauthors=Thorlacius H, Jerkeman A, Marginean FE, Toth E |title=Colorectal malakoplakia in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume= |issue= |pages= |date=April 2018 |pmid=29627491 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2018.04.001 |url=}}</ref> | |||
* Environmental hazards: | |||
** Ionizing radiation | |||
**Toxins | |||
*Infections | |||
** Viral(Herpes, Measles) | |||
**Bacterial(Mycobacterial) | |||
**Parasitic(Malaria, helminthic infections) | |||
Latest revision as of 14:23, 3 August 2018
_NOTOC _
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]
Causes
Hypogammaglobulinemia is caused by:
Immunodeficiency secondary to:
- Uremia
- Protein losing enteropathy
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Malnutrition
- Cirrhosis
- Hemodialysis
- Intestinal lymphangiectasia
- Protein-losing gastroenteropathy
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Thymoma [1]
- Medications :
- Environmental hazards:
- Ionizing radiation
- Toxins
- Infections
- Viral(Herpes, Measles)
- Bacterial(Mycobacterial)
- Parasitic(Malaria, helminthic infections)
- ↑ Aouadi S, Ghrairi N, Braham E, Kaabi M, Maâlej S, Elgharbi LD (2017). "[Acquired hypogammaglobulinemia associated with thymoma: Good syndrome]". Pan Afr Med J (in French). 28: 253. doi:10.11604/pamj.2017.28.253.11352. PMC 5989270. PMID 29881497.
- ↑ Shoukat BA, Ali O, Kumar D, Bilal Gilani M, Zahid A, Aslam Joiya S, Anwar Malik M (2018). "Hypogammaglobulinemia Observed One Year after Rituximab Treatment for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura". Case Rep Med. 2018: 2096186. doi:10.1155/2018/2096186. PMC 5884289. PMID 29755528.
- ↑ Farhat L, Dara J, Duberstein S, De A (May 2018). "Secondary Hypogammaglobulinemia After Rituximab for Neuromyelitis Optica: A Case Report". Drug Saf Case Rep. 5 (1): 22. doi:10.1007/s40800-018-0087-y. PMC 5948191. PMID 29752554.
- ↑ Thorlacius H, Jerkeman A, Marginean FE, Toth E (April 2018). "Colorectal malakoplakia in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia". Gastrointest. Endosc. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2018.04.001. PMID 29627491.