ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 63: Line 63:


==References==
==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
{{reflist|2}}
<references />
</div>


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 17:28, 10 February 2009

Myocardial infarction
ICD-10 I21-I22
ICD-9 410
DiseasesDB 8664
MedlinePlus 000195
eMedicine med/1567  emerg/327 ped/2520

WikiDoc Resources for ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Articles

Most recent articles on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Most cited articles on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Review articles on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Articles on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Images of ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Photos of ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Podcasts & MP3s on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Videos on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Bandolier on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

TRIP on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Clinical Trials on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

NICE Guidance on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

CDC on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Books

Books on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

News

ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics in the news

Be alerted to news on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

News trends on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Commentary

Blogs on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Definitions

Definitions of ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Discussion groups on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Patient Handouts on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Directions to Hospitals Treating ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Risk calculators and risk factors for ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Causes & Risk Factors for ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Diagnostic studies for ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Treatment of ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

International

ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics en Espanol

ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics en Francais

Business

ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics in the Marketplace

Patents on ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics

Cardiology Network

Discuss ST elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology and demographics further in the WikiDoc Cardiology Network
Adult Congenital
Biomarkers
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Congestive Heart Failure
CT Angiography
Echocardiography
Electrophysiology
Cardiology General
Genetics
Health Economics
Hypertension
Interventional Cardiology
MRI
Nuclear Cardiology
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Prevention
Public Policy
Pulmonary Embolism
Stable Angina
Valvular Heart Disease
Vascular Medicine

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editors-In-Chief: Yuri B. Pride, M.D. [2] ; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]

Please Join in Editing This Page and Apply to be an Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [4] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.

Overview

Myocardial infarction is a common presentation of ischemic heart disease. The World Heart Organization (WHO) estimated in 2002 that, 12.6 percent of deaths worldwide were from ischemic heart disease.

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in developed countries, but third to AIDS and lower respiratory infections in developing countries.[1]

Over 9 million patients in the United States alone have angina. An estimated 80,700,000 American adults (one in three) have one or more types of cardiovascular disease (CVD), of whom 38,200,000 are estimated to be age 60 or older. Except as noted, the estimates were extrapolated to the U.S. population in 2005 from NHANES 1999–2004. (Total CVD includes diseases in the bullet points below except for congenital heart disease). Due to overlap, it is not possible to add these conditions to arrive at a total. [2] [3] [4]

This means that roughly every 65 seconds, an American dies of a coronary event.

The following prevalence estimates are for people age 18 and older from NCHS/NHIS, 2005: [5]

Although it is difficult to ascertain the true incidence of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), according to the ACC/AHA guidelines, a conservative estimate is that approximately 500,000 patients suffer STEMI each year [6]. The incidence of STEMI has decreased over time. In an observational study of 5,832 metropolitan patients spanning from 1975 to 1997, the incidence of STEMI decreased from 171/100,000 to 101/100,000 [7]

Risk factors for STEMI mirror those for coronary artery disease (CAD) and include diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease manifested by stroke or transient ischemic attack, peripheral arterial disease, aortic atherosclerosis and aneurysm, age (male ≥45 years old, female ≥55 years old), family history of premature CAD (MI or sudden death before age 55 in a first-degree male relative or before age 65 in a first-degree female relative), tobacco abuse, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [8]

The mortality among patients who suffer STEMI has progressively declined in recent years. From 1975 to 1997, one observational study reported that the in-hospital mortality decreased from 24% to 14% [9]. In the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE), a multinational cohort study that includes 16,814 patients with STEMI were enrolled and followed up in 113 hospitals in 14 countries between 1999 and 2006, in-hospital mortality declined from 8.4% in 1999 to 4.6% in 2005 [10].

The reason for this decline in mortality is likely multifactorial and includes, but is certainly not limited to, decline in symptom onset-to-presentation time, more widespread use of primary PCI [11], improvements in time to reperfusion (door-to-needle and door-to-balloon times) [12] [13] and improved medical therapy, including increases in the use of evidence-based therapies such as aspirin [14], beta blockers [15] [16], clopidogrel [17], statins [18] and angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers [19]

See also

References

  1. "Cause of Death - UC Atlas of Global Inequality". Center for Global, International and Regional Studies (CGIRS) at the University of California Santa Cruz. Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help)
  2. 2008 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics
  3. Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, Bridges CR, Califf RM, Casey DE Jr, Chavey WE II, Fesmire FM, Hochman JS, Levin TN, Lincoff AM, Peterson ED, Theroux P, Wenger NK, Wright RS. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction). Circulation 2007 116: e148 – e304. PMID 17679616
  4. Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, Bridges CR, Califf RM, Casey DE Jr, Chavey WE II, Fesmire FM, Hochman JS, Levin TN, Lincoff AM, Peterson ED, Theroux P, Wenger NK, Wright RS. Correction of ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Mar 4; 51(9): 974. PMID 17692738
  5. Vital Health Stat 10.2006 [232]: 1–153
  6. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction; A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of patients with acute myocardial infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:E1-E211.
  7. Furman MI, Dauerman HL, Goldberg RJ, Yarzebski J, Lessard D, Gore JM. Twenty-two year (1975 to 1997) trends in the incidence, in-hospital and long-term case fatality rates from initial Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: a multi-hospital, community-wide perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37:1571-80.
  8. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Jama 2001; 285:2486-97.
  9. Furman MI, Dauerman HL, Goldberg RJ, Yarzebski J, Lessard D, Gore JM. Twenty-two year (1975 to 1997) trends in the incidence, in-hospital and long-term case fatality rates from initial Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: a multi-hospital, community-wide perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37:1571-80.
  10. Fox KA, Steg PG, Eagle KA, et al. Decline in rates of death and heart failure in acute coronary syndromes, 1999-2006. Jama 2007; 297:1892-900.
  11. Rogers WJ, Canto JG, Lambrew CT, et al. Temporal trends in the treatment of over 1.5 million patients with myocardial infarction in the US from 1990 through 1999: the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 1, 2 and 3. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36:2056-63.
  12. McNamara RL, Wang Y, Herrin J, et al. Effect of door-to-balloon time on mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47:2180-6
  13. Nallamothu B, Fox KA, Kennelly BM, et al. Relationship of treatment delays and mortality in patients undergoing fibrinolysis and primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Heart 2007
  14. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Lancet 1988; 2:349-60.
  15. Metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction. Mortality. The MIAMI Trial Research Group. Am J Cardiol 1985; 56:15G-22G.
  16. Randomized trial of intravenous atenolol among 16 027 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-1. First International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group. Lancet 1986; 2:57-66.
  17. Sabatine MS, Cannon CP, Gibson CM, et al. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1179-89.
  18. Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:1495-504.
  19. Latini R, Maggioni AP, Flather M, Sleight P, Tognoni G. ACE inhibitor use in patients with myocardial infarction. Summary of evidence from clinical trials Circulation 1995; 92: 3132-7.

External links


Template:WikiDoc Sources