Rotavirus infection primary prevention: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 00:03, 30 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Rotavirus infection prevention relies completely on children vaccination against the infection. There are two rotavirus vaccines which are the Rotarix and Rotateq.

Primary prevention

Vaccines

Rotavirus vaccine is the best way to protect children against rotavirus illness. Most children (about 9 out of 10) who get the vaccine will be protected from severe rotavirus illness. While about 7 out of 10 children will be protected from rotavirus illness.

There are currently two rotavirus vaccines licensed for use in infants in the United States:

RotaTeq® (RV5) is given in 3 doses at ages 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months.
Rotarix® (RV1) is given in 2 doses at ages 2 months and 4 months.

Both vaccines are given by mouth (orally), not by a shot. The first dose of either vaccine is most effective if it is given before a child is 15 weeks of age. Also, children should receive all doses of rotavirus vaccine before they turn 8 months old.^[1]

General measures

Prevention of rotavirus infection by the following:

Access to safe drinking-water
Use of improved sanitation
Hand washing with soap
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life
Good personal and food hygiene
Health education about how infections spread; and Rotavirus vaccination.

Traveler's vaccination

Two live attenuated oral vaccines are available; one based on a single rotavirus strain (monovalent), the other on five rotavirus strains (pentavalent). When administered according to the respective national recommendations (or following the schedule of routine vaccination against DTP), these vaccines are efficacious and safe.

References

↑ CDC https://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/vaccination.html Accessed on May 5, 2017

[Rotavirus-1] CDC https://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/vaccination.html Accessed on May 5, 2017

[1]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{CMG}}{{AE}}{{AEL}}
 ==Overview==
+Rotavirus infection prevention relies completely on children vaccination against the infection. There are two rotavirus vaccines which are the Rotarix and Rotateq.
 ==Primary prevention==
 ===Vaccines===
-In 2006, two vaccines against Rotavirus infection were shown to be safe and effective in children: Rotarix by [[GlaxoSmithKline]] and RotaTeq by [[Merck & Co., Inc.|Merck]]. Both are taken orally and contain disabled live virus. In February 2006, the [[U.S. Food and Drug Administration]] approved RotaTeq for use in the United States. Merck announced a price of $187.50 for the standard three-dose regimen; this is much more expensive than other standard childhood immunizations and, even allowing for discounts, will probably prevent widespread use of the vaccine in poor countries.  However, Merck is selling vaccines at dramatically lower prices in developing world countries and is working with a range of partners including the Rotavirus Vaccine Project, PATH and other governmental and non-governmental organizations to develop and implement mechanisms for providing access to this vaccine in the developing world.
+[[Rotavirus]] [[vaccine]] is the best way to protect children against rotavirus [[illness]]. Most children (about 9 out of 10) who get the [[vaccine]] will be protected from severe rotavirus illness. While about 7 out of 10 children will be protected from rotavirus illness.
-An earlier vaccine, Rotashield by Wyeth-Ayerst, had to be taken off the market in the late 1990s after it was discovered in rare cases to be linked to a severe complication called [[Intussusception (medical disorder)|intussusception]]. This event was so rare that widespread adoption of Rotashield in developing countries would nevertheless have saved millions of lives, but use of a vaccine deemed unsafe in the U.S. was seen as unacceptable.
+There are currently two rotavirus vaccines licensed for use in infants in the United States:
+*RotaTeq® (RV5) is given in 3 doses at ages 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months.
+*Rotarix® (RV1) is given in 2 doses at ages 2 months and 4 months.
+Both vaccines are given by mouth (orally), not by a shot. The first dose of either vaccine is most effective if it is given before a child is 15 weeks of age. Also, children should receive all doses of rotavirus vaccine before they turn 8 months old.<ref name= "Rotavirus"> CDC https://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/vaccination.html Accessed on May 5, 2017 </ref>
+===General measures===
+Prevention of rotavirus infection by the following:
+* Access to safe drinking-water
+* Use of improved sanitation
+* Hand washing with soap
+* Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life
+* Good personal and food hygiene
+* Health education about how infections spread; and Rotavirus vaccination.
+===Traveler's vaccination===
+Two live attenuated oral vaccines are available; one based on a single rotavirus strain (monovalent), the other on five rotavirus strains (pentavalent). When administered according to the respective national recommendations (or following the schedule of routine vaccination against DTP), these vaccines are efficacious and safe.
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}
+[[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
 [[Category:Infectious disease]]
-[[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
+[[Category:Pediatrics]]