Retinoblastoma surgery: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 23:59, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2] Simrat Sarai, M.D. [3]

Overview

There are different modalities of treatment available for retinoblastoma. The feasibility of each strategy depends on the stage of retinoblastoma at the time of diagnosis.

Surgery

Enucleation is the most commonly applied method for the treatment of retinoblastoma.^[1]
This method is indicated for:

- Unilateral or bilateral group E disease
- Unilateral group D disease
- Maintenance of tumor activity in a blind eye after treatment for primary tumor

References

↑ Kim, Jonathan W.; Murphree, A. Linn; Singh, Arun D. (2015). "Retinoblastoma: Treatment Options": 89–107. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-43451-2_9.

[KimMurphree2015-1] Kim, Jonathan W.; Murphree, A. Linn; Singh, Arun D. (2015). "Retinoblastoma: Treatment Options": 89–107. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-43451-2_9.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Retinoblastoma}}
-{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{Simrat}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Sahar}} {{Simrat}}
 ==Overview==
-The feasibility of surgery depends on the tumor size, tumor location, and presence or absence of vitreous or subretinal seeds at diagnosis. When the retinoblastoma is too large to be treated by other treatment modalities, surgery may be used. In these situations, enucleation may help to prevent metastasis.
+There are different modalities of treatment available for retinoblastoma. The feasibility of each strategy depends on the [[Cancer staging|stage]] of retinoblastoma at the time of [[diagnosis]].
 ==Surgery==
-Enucleation is indicated for:
-*Group E tumor, based on International classification for Retinoblastoma. Group E tumors are large tumors (>50 percent of globe volume) with limited to no visual potential, painful eyes, and/or tumors that extend into the optic nerve.
+* [[Enucleation]] is the most commonly applied method for the treatment of retinoblastoma.<ref name="KimMurphree2015">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Jonathan W.|last2=Murphree|first2=A. Linn|last3=Singh|first3=Arun D.|title=Retinoblastoma: Treatment Options|year=2015|pages=89–107|doi=10.1007/978-3-662-43451-2_9}}</ref>
-*Advanced group D tumors may require enucleation, particularly in the setting of unilateral disease.
+* This method is [[Indication (medicine)|indicated]] for:
-*Enucleation is also the preferred treatment in eyes that have poor visual potential and have failed previous "globe-conserving" approaches.
-*Enucleation is often performed if the eye has any one of the following:
+**Unilateral or [[bilateral]] group E [[disease]]
-**Secondary glaucoma
+**Unilateral group D [[disease]]
-**Poor view to the fundus with presumed active tumor
+**Maintenance of [[tumor]] activity in a [[Blindness|blind]] [[eye]] after treatment for [[primary tumor]]
-**Anterior chamber invasion
-Potential complications of enucleation include scleral perforation with seeding of tumor cells into the orbit.
-Adjuvant systemic chemotherapy or brachytherapy may be considered in patients with high-risk features to prevent metastatic disease (eg, ciliary body, iris, massive scleral, or choroidal infiltration, and invasion of the optic nerve posterior to the lamina cribrosa). Adjuvant chemotherapy may reduce the development of contralateral or intracranial tumors (PNET) in  children with a germline mutation. When there is a positive optic nerve margin or extrascleral/trans-scleral extension, external beam radiotherapy should be considered.<ref name="pmid12096963">{{cite journal| author=Honavar SG, Singh AD, Shields CL, Meadows AT, Demirci H, Cater J et al.| title=Postenucleation adjuvant therapy in high-risk retinoblastoma. | journal=Arch Ophthalmol | year= 2002 | volume= 120 | issue= 7 | pages= 923-31 | pmid=12096963 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12096963  }} </ref> Although somewhat controversial, adjuvant chemotherapy may reduce the development of contralateral or intracranial tumors (PNET) in the child with a germline mutation. <ref name="pmid22084213">{{cite journal| author=Kaliki S, Shields CL, Shah SU, Eagle RC, Shields JA, Leahey A| title=Postenucleation adjuvant chemotherapy with vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin for the treatment of high-risk retinoblastoma. | journal=Arch Ophthalmol | year= 2011 | volume= 129 | issue= 11 | pages= 1422-7 | pmid=22084213 | doi=10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.289 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22084213  }} </ref> An orbital implant (typically hydroxyapatite or porous polyethylene) is placed at the time of enucleation. After Approximately after six weeks when the conjunctiva has healed, a prosthesis can be fitted by an ocularist.
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}
-{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}
+[[Category:Medicine]]
-[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
+[[Category:Oncology]]
-[[Category:Types of cancer]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
-[[Category:hereditary cancers]]
+[[Category:Surgery]]

Retinoblastoma surgery: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:59, 29 July 2020

Overview

Surgery

References

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