Retinoblastoma history and symptoms
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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History
Approximately 6% of the retinoblastoma is familial.[1] So family history should be inquired whenever there is suspicion of retinoblastoma.
Signs and Symptoms
- Leucokoria(Cat's eye): lack of red reflex of the eye in large tumors, retinal detachment, retrolental mass or vitreous opacification due to tumor cells which is often noticed by the mother or family members. It is the most common presenting finding in children
- Strabismus(Lazy eye): disruption of fusional reflex due to loss of central vision from a tumor in the macula. It is the second most common presenting finding in children.
- Rubeosis iridis: seen in advanced cases due to extensive tumor necrosis due to ischemia releasing angiogenic factors causing neovascularisation.
The other rare clinical features are Heterochromia(differences in iris colour), Anisocoria(differences in pupil size),Spontaneous hyphema in the absence of trauma, Glaucoma, Pseudohypopyon(seeding of anterior chamber in endophytic or diffuse infiltrating tumors), Pain(due to glaucoma or inflammation), Proptosis etc.,
Emergency referral to an Opthalmologist is warranted when a child presents with Leukocoria or Strabismus.
References
- ↑ Shields CL, Shields JA (2004). "Diagnosis and management of retinoblastoma" (PDF). Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center. 11 (5): 317–27. PMID 15377991. Retrieved 2012-05-29.