Prostate cancer historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Schally portrait.jpg|left|thumb|150px|'''Andrzej W. Schally''' was awarded the 1977 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his research relating to prostate cancer.]] | [[Image:Schally portrait.jpg|left|thumb|150px|'''Andrzej W. Schally''' was awarded the 1977 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his research relating to prostate cancer.]] | ||
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Although the prostate was first described by Venetian anatomist [[Niccolò Massa]] in 1536, and illustrated by Flemish anatomist [[Vesalius|Andreas Vesalius]] in 1538, prostate cancer was not identified until 1853.<ref>Adams, J. ''The case of scirrhous of the prostate gland with corresponding affliction of the lymphatic glands in the lumbar region and in the pelvis.'' Lancet 1, 393 (1853).</ref> Prostate cancer was initially considered a rare disease, probably because of shorter [[life expectancy|life expectancies]] and poorer detection methods in the 19th century. The first treatments of prostate cancer were surgeries to relieve urinary obstruction.<ref>Lytton, B. ''Prostate cancer: a brief history and the discovery of hormonal ablation treatment.'' J. Urol. 165, 1859–1862</ref> Removal of the entire gland (radical perineal [[prostatectomy]]) was first performed in 1904 by Hugh H. Young at [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]].<ref>Young, H. H. ''Four cases of radical prostatectomy.'' Johns Hopkins Bull. 16, 315 (1905).</ref> Surgical removal of the testes ([[orchiectomy]]) to treat prostate cancer was first performed in the 1890s, but with limited success. [[Transurethral resection of the prostate]] (TURP) replaced radical prostatectomy for symptomatic relief of obstruction in the middle of the 20th century because it could better preserve penile erectile function. Radical retropubic prostatectomy was developed in 1983 by Patrick Walsh.<ref>Walsh, P. C., Lepor, H. & Eggleston, J. C. ''Radical prostatectomy with preservation of sexual function: anatomical and pathological considerations.'' Prostate 4, 473-485 (1983). PMID 6889192</ref> This surgical approach allowed for removal of the prostate and lymph nodes with maintenance of penile function. | * Although the prostate was first described by Venetian anatomist [[Niccolò Massa]] in 1536, and illustrated by Flemish anatomist [[Vesalius|Andreas Vesalius]] in 1538, prostate cancer was not identified until 1853.<ref>Adams, J. ''The case of scirrhous of the prostate gland with corresponding affliction of the lymphatic glands in the lumbar region and in the pelvis.'' Lancet 1, 393 (1853).</ref> | ||
* Prostate cancer was initially considered a rare disease, probably because of shorter [[life expectancy|life expectancies]] and poorer detection methods in the 19th century. The first treatments of prostate cancer were surgeries to relieve [[urinary obstruction]].<ref>Lytton, B. ''Prostate cancer: a brief history and the discovery of hormonal ablation treatment.'' J. Urol. 165, 1859–1862</ref> | |||
In 1941 Charles B. Huggins published studies in which he used [[estrogen]] to oppose [[testosterone]] production in men with [[metastatic]] prostate cancer. This discovery of "chemical [[castration]]" won Huggins the 1966 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]].<ref>Huggins, C. B. & Hodges, C. V. ''Studies on prostate cancer: 1. The effects of castration, of estrogen and androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.'' Cancer Res. 1, 203 (1941).</ref> The role of the hormone [[GnRH]] in reproduction was determined by Andrzej W. Schally and [[Roger Guillemin]], who both won the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this work. | * Removal of the entire gland (radical perineal [[prostatectomy]]) was first performed in 1904 by Hugh H. Young at [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]].<ref>Young, H. H. ''Four cases of radical prostatectomy.'' Johns Hopkins Bull. 16, 315 (1905).</ref> * Surgical removal of the testes ([[orchiectomy]]) to treat prostate cancer was first performed in the 1890s, but with limited success. | ||
* [[Transurethral resection of the prostate]] (TURP) replaced radical [[prostatectomy]] for symptomatic relief of obstruction in the middle of the 20th century because it could better preserve penile erectile function. | |||
Receptor agonists, such as [[leuprolide]] and [[goserelin]], were subsequently developed and used to treat prostate cancer.<ref>Schally, A. V., Kastin, A. J. & Arimura, A. ''Hypothalamic FSH and LH-regulating hormone. Structure, physiology and clinical studies.'' Fertil. Steril. 22, 703–721 (1971).</ref><ref>Tolis G, Ackman D, Stellos A, Mehta A, Labrie F, Fazekas AT, Comaru-Schally AM, Schally AV. ''Tumor growth inhibition in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists.'' Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(5):1658–62 PMID 6461861</ref> | * [[Radical retropubic prostatectomy]] was developed in 1983 by Patrick Walsh.<ref>Walsh, P. C., Lepor, H. & Eggleston, J. C. ''Radical prostatectomy with preservation of sexual function: anatomical and pathological considerations.'' Prostate 4, 473-485 (1983). PMID 6889192</ref> This surgical approach allowed for removal of the prostate and [[lymph nodes]] with maintenance of penile function. | ||
* In 1941 Charles B. Huggins published studies in which he used [[estrogen]] to oppose [[testosterone]] production in men with [[metastatic]] prostate cancer. This discovery of "chemical [[castration]]" won Huggins the 1966 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]].<ref>Huggins, C. B. & Hodges, C. V. ''Studies on prostate cancer: 1. The effects of castration, of estrogen and androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.'' Cancer Res. 1, 203 (1941).</ref> The role of the hormone [[GnRH]] in reproduction was determined by Andrzej W. Schally and [[Roger Guillemin]], who both won the 1977 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for this work. | |||
[[Radiation therapy]] for prostate cancer was first developed in the early 20th century and initially consisted of intraprostatic [[radium]] implants. External beam radiation became more popular as stronger radiation sources became available in the middle of the 20th century. [[Brachytherapy]] with implanted seeds was first described in 1983.<ref>Denmeade SR, Isaacs JT. ''A History of Prostate Cancer Treatment.'' Nature Reviews Cancer 2, 389–396 (2002). PMID 12044015</ref> | * Receptor agonists, such as [[leuprolide]] and [[goserelin]], were subsequently developed and used to treat prostate cancer.<ref>Schally, A. V., Kastin, A. J. & Arimura, A. ''Hypothalamic FSH and LH-regulating hormone. Structure, physiology and clinical studies.'' Fertil. Steril. 22, 703–721 (1971).</ref><ref>Tolis G, Ackman D, Stellos A, Mehta A, Labrie F, Fazekas AT, Comaru-Schally AM, Schally AV. ''Tumor growth inhibition in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists.'' Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(5):1658–62 PMID 6461861</ref> | ||
* [[Radiation therapy]] for prostate cancer was first developed in the early 20th century and initially consisted of intraprostatic [[radium]] [[implants]]. External beam radiation became more popular as stronger radiation sources became available in the middle of the 20th century. [[Brachytherapy]] with implanted seeds was first described in 1983.<ref>Denmeade SR, Isaacs JT. ''A History of Prostate Cancer Treatment.'' Nature Reviews Cancer 2, 389–396 (2002). PMID 12044015</ref> | |||
Systemic chemotherapy for prostate cancer was first studied in the 1970s. The initial regimen of [[cyclophosphamide]] and [[5-fluorouracil]] was quickly joined by multiple regimens using a host of other systemic [[chemotherapy]] drugs.<ref>Scott, W. W. et al. ''Chemotherapy of advanced prostatic carcinoma with cyclophosphamide or 5-fluorouracil: results of first national randomized study.'' J. Urol. 114, 909–911 (1975). PMID 1104900</ref> | * Systemic [[chemotherapy]] for prostate cancer was first studied in the 1970s. The initial regimen of [[cyclophosphamide]] and [[5-fluorouracil]] was quickly joined by multiple regimens using a host of other systemic [[chemotherapy]] drugs.<ref>Scott, W. W. et al. ''Chemotherapy of advanced prostatic carcinoma with cyclophosphamide or 5-fluorouracil: results of first national randomized study.'' J. Urol. 114, 909–911 (1975). PMID 1104900</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:23, 14 September 2015
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Prostate cancer was first discovered by Niccolò Massa, a Venetian anatomist, in 1536. In 1983, Radical retropubic prostatectomy was developed by Patrick Walsh to treat prostate cancer. In 1941, the first use of estrogen to oppose testosterone production in men with metastatic prostate cancer was first reported by Charles B. Huggins. Radiation therapy for prostate cancer was first developed in the early 20th. Systemic chemotherapy for prostate cancer was first studied in the 1970s.
Historical Perspective
- Although the prostate was first described by Venetian anatomist Niccolò Massa in 1536, and illustrated by Flemish anatomist Andreas Vesalius in 1538, prostate cancer was not identified until 1853.[1]
- Prostate cancer was initially considered a rare disease, probably because of shorter life expectancies and poorer detection methods in the 19th century. The first treatments of prostate cancer were surgeries to relieve urinary obstruction.[2]
- Removal of the entire gland (radical perineal prostatectomy) was first performed in 1904 by Hugh H. Young at Johns Hopkins Hospital.[3] * Surgical removal of the testes (orchiectomy) to treat prostate cancer was first performed in the 1890s, but with limited success.
- Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) replaced radical prostatectomy for symptomatic relief of obstruction in the middle of the 20th century because it could better preserve penile erectile function.
- Radical retropubic prostatectomy was developed in 1983 by Patrick Walsh.[4] This surgical approach allowed for removal of the prostate and lymph nodes with maintenance of penile function.
- In 1941 Charles B. Huggins published studies in which he used estrogen to oppose testosterone production in men with metastatic prostate cancer. This discovery of "chemical castration" won Huggins the 1966 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[5] The role of the hormone GnRH in reproduction was determined by Andrzej W. Schally and Roger Guillemin, who both won the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this work.
- Receptor agonists, such as leuprolide and goserelin, were subsequently developed and used to treat prostate cancer.[6][7]
- Radiation therapy for prostate cancer was first developed in the early 20th century and initially consisted of intraprostatic radium implants. External beam radiation became more popular as stronger radiation sources became available in the middle of the 20th century. Brachytherapy with implanted seeds was first described in 1983.[8]
- Systemic chemotherapy for prostate cancer was first studied in the 1970s. The initial regimen of cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil was quickly joined by multiple regimens using a host of other systemic chemotherapy drugs.[9]
References
- ↑ Adams, J. The case of scirrhous of the prostate gland with corresponding affliction of the lymphatic glands in the lumbar region and in the pelvis. Lancet 1, 393 (1853).
- ↑ Lytton, B. Prostate cancer: a brief history and the discovery of hormonal ablation treatment. J. Urol. 165, 1859–1862
- ↑ Young, H. H. Four cases of radical prostatectomy. Johns Hopkins Bull. 16, 315 (1905).
- ↑ Walsh, P. C., Lepor, H. & Eggleston, J. C. Radical prostatectomy with preservation of sexual function: anatomical and pathological considerations. Prostate 4, 473-485 (1983). PMID 6889192
- ↑ Huggins, C. B. & Hodges, C. V. Studies on prostate cancer: 1. The effects of castration, of estrogen and androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer Res. 1, 203 (1941).
- ↑ Schally, A. V., Kastin, A. J. & Arimura, A. Hypothalamic FSH and LH-regulating hormone. Structure, physiology and clinical studies. Fertil. Steril. 22, 703–721 (1971).
- ↑ Tolis G, Ackman D, Stellos A, Mehta A, Labrie F, Fazekas AT, Comaru-Schally AM, Schally AV. Tumor growth inhibition in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(5):1658–62 PMID 6461861
- ↑ Denmeade SR, Isaacs JT. A History of Prostate Cancer Treatment. Nature Reviews Cancer 2, 389–396 (2002). PMID 12044015
- ↑ Scott, W. W. et al. Chemotherapy of advanced prostatic carcinoma with cyclophosphamide or 5-fluorouracil: results of first national randomized study. J. Urol. 114, 909–911 (1975). PMID 1104900