Polymyositis and dermatomyositis overview: Difference between revisions
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==Screening== | ==Screening== | ||
There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for polymyositis and dermatomyositis. | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | ||
Revision as of 15:58, 18 April 2018
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Polymyositis and dermatomyositis Microchapters |
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Differentiating Polymyositis and dermatomyositis from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Polymyositis and dermatomyositis overview On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Polymyositis and dermatomyositis overview |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Polymyositis and dermatomyositis overview |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
In the late 19th century, polymyositis and dermatomyositis were described by different scientists. In 1916, Stertz was the first who described the association between dermatomyositis and malignancy. In 1975, Anthony Bohan and James B. Peter were the first physicians who classified polymyositis and dermatomyositis into 5 subtypes which were used for decades. By 1990, multiple myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSA) were discovered and described. These myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSA) targeting different cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins and they are used by Love et al. to classify polymyositis and dermatomyositis.
Classification
Polymyositis and dermatomyositis is one of the subtypes of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. The 2017 European League Against Rheumatism and American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) classified idiopathic inflammatory myopathy into 6 subtypes including polymyositis, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies (IMNM), amyopathic dermatomyositis, and juvenile dermatomyositis.
Pathophysiology
Causes
The cause of polymyositis and dermatomyositis has not been identified.
Differentiating Xyz from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
The incidence of polymyositis and dermatomyositis is approximately 1-5 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. The prevalence of polymyositis and dermatomyositis is approximately 5-22 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. The 5-year survival rate for polymyositis is 75% and for dermatomyositis is 63%. The median survival for polymyositis is 11.0 years and that for dermatomyositis is 12.3 years. Dermatomyositis has a bimodal pattern, commonly affects both children and adults over 50 years old. Polymyositis commonly affects adults after second decades of their lives and it is rare among children. There is no racial predilection to polymyositis and dermatomyositis. The female to male ratio is approximately 2 to 1. Prevalence of polymyositis and dermatomyositis are lower in young rural men and higher in older urban women.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of polymyositis and dermatomyositis include environmental factors such as infection, malignancy, and drug toxicities from statins or immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Screening
There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for polymyositis and dermatomyositis.