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{{Pituitary adenoma}}
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==Overview==
Patients with pituitary adenoma may progress to develop [[lethargy]], [[headache]], [[nausea]], and [[vomiting]]. Common [[complications]] of pituitary adenoma include [[bitemporal hemianopia]] , [[anosmia]], [[acromegaly]], [[gigantism]] and [[Cushing's syndrome]].
[[Prognosis]] is generally good, and approximately 18% of patients with macroadenoma require further treatment.


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==Natural history, complications, and prognosis==
 
===Natural history===
*Pituitary adenomas are generally [[benign]].
*Patients with micoradenoma usually [[asymptomatic]] and diagnosed incidentally. At later stage they may show signs and [[symptoms]] of [[hormonal]] disturbances.
*Patients with macroadenoma usually present with [[Visual field defect|visual field deficits]] and [[hormonal]] disturbances. Macroadenoma grows slowly and invades surrounding structure such as [[optic chiasm]] and [[olfactory tract]].
*Females tend to develop symptoms at an earlier stage than males due to [[Menstrual cycle|menstrual]] irregularities associated with the disease.
 
===Complications===
*[[Complications]] associated with pituitary adenoma generally arise from either the mass itself or from prolonged [[hormonal]] imbalance. [[Complications]] may include:<ref name="Wikipaedia"> Pituitary adenoma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_adenoma. 9 29 2015</ref><ref name="Acro"> Gigantism http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/acromegaly-and-gigantism</ref><ref name="Cushing"> http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/endocrine/cushings-syndrome/Pages/fact-sheet.aspx#1</ref>
:*[[Gigantism]]
:*[[Acromegaly]]
:*[[Cushing's syndrome]]
:*[[Hyperpituitarism]]
:*[[Pituitary apoplexy]]
:*[[Pituitary insufficiency]]
:*[[Central diabetes insipidus]]
:*[[Bitemporal hemianopia]]
:*[[anopsia|Bilateral anopsia]]
:*[[Anosmia]]
:*Invasion into the [[cavernous sinus]] with occasional compression of the:
::*[[Oculomotor nerve]] (CN III)
::*[[Abducens nerve]] (CN VI)
:*[[Hydrocephalus]] (seen in large adenoma)
 
===Prognosis===
 
*The [[prognosis]] of pituitary adenoma is generally good. However, recurrent [[symptoms]] require further intervention.
 
*Approximately 18% of patients with macroadenoma require further treatment.<ref name="Radiopaedia"> Dr Amir Rezaee and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pituitary-adenoma 2015. URL accessed on 9 30 2015</ref>


==References==
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Latest revision as of 19:39, 2 October 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [2]

Overview

Patients with pituitary adenoma may progress to develop lethargy, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Common complications of pituitary adenoma include bitemporal hemianopia , anosmia, acromegaly, gigantism and Cushing's syndrome. Prognosis is generally good, and approximately 18% of patients with macroadenoma require further treatment.

Natural history, complications, and prognosis

Natural history

  • Pituitary adenomas are generally benign.
  • Patients with micoradenoma usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. At later stage they may show signs and symptoms of hormonal disturbances.
  • Patients with macroadenoma usually present with visual field deficits and hormonal disturbances. Macroadenoma grows slowly and invades surrounding structure such as optic chiasm and olfactory tract.
  • Females tend to develop symptoms at an earlier stage than males due to menstrual irregularities associated with the disease.

Complications

Prognosis

  • The prognosis of pituitary adenoma is generally good. However, recurrent symptoms require further intervention.
  • Approximately 18% of patients with macroadenoma require further treatment.[4]

References

  1. ↑ Pituitary adenoma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_adenoma. 9 29 2015
  2. ↑ Gigantism http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/acromegaly-and-gigantism
  3. ↑ http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/endocrine/cushings-syndrome/Pages/fact-sheet.aspx#1
  4. ↑ Dr Amir Rezaee and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pituitary-adenoma 2015. URL accessed on 9 30 2015

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