Pericardial effusion causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.

Overview

Pericardial effusion can be classified into serous, bloody and chylous based on the composition of the effusion fluid. Infections and inflammation usually cause serous effusion while bloody effusions are as a result of trauma to the heart. Though iatrogenic causes and infections are common etiologies, pericardial disease may also be a feature of other disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Aortic dissection or free wall rupture should also be considered in patients with unstable hemodynamics and pericardial effusion.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Acute myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, aortic rupture, bacterial pericarditis, benign obstruction of thoracic duct, Cantu syndrome, capillary leak syndrome, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, dissecting aortic aneurysm, Dressler's syndrome, hypersensitivity pericarditis with eosinophilia, hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia, Kawasaki disease, myocardial rupture, pericarditis, heart surgery, fungal pericarditis, pyogenic pericarditis, rheumatic pericarditis, tuberculous pericarditis, uremic pericarditis, ventricular aneurysm, viral pericarditis
Chemical / poisoning Asbestosis, scorpion sting
Dermatologic Cantu syndrome, hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia
Drug Side Effect Anticoagulants, chemotherapy, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, hydralazine, isoniazid, minoxidil, penicillin, phenytoin, procainamide
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Hypothyroidism, myxedema
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Acute pancreatitis, cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease
Genetic Cantu syndrome, congenital disorders of glycosylation, hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia
Hematologic Coagulopathy, leukemia, lymphoma
Iatrogenic Cardiac catheterization, dialysis, heart surgery, PCI, postpericardiotomy syndrome, radiation
Infectious Disease Coccidiomycosis, fungal pericarditis, histoplasmosis, infection, legionella, mycobacterium tuberculosis, neisseria, pneumococci, pyogenic pericarditis, rheumatic fever, scrub typhus, staphylococci, streptococci, syphilis, tuberculous pericarditis, viral pericarditis, pneumonia
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Cantu syndrome, hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic Malnutrition, congenital disorders of glycosylation
Obstetric/Gynecologic Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Oncologic Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma, neoplasia that has spread to the pericardium, leukemia, lung cancer
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Bronchogenic cyst, lung cancer, pneumonia
Renal / Electrolyte Nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, uremic pericarditis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Amyloidosis, breast cancer, collagen vascular disease, Dressler's syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatic pericarditis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Chest trauma
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Hypoalbuminemia, idiopathic, radiation

Causes in Alphabetical Order


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