Parotitis (patient information): Difference between revisions

	Parotitis
Overview
What are the symptoms?
What are the causes?
Who is at highest risk?
When to seek urgent medical care?
Diagnosis
Treatment options
Where to find medical care for Parotitis?
Prevention
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Possible complications
Parotitis On the Web
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
Images of Parotitis
Videos on Parotitis
FDA on Parotitis
CDC on Parotitis
Parotitis in the news
Blogs on Parotitis
Directions to Hospitals Treating Parotitis
Risk calculators and risk factors for Parotitis

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Latest revision as of 18:38, 18 September 2017

For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Parotitis is a disease caused by inflammation of the parotid glands found under the mouth and in back of both ears. It is a symptom of viral or bacterial infection, a growth, or from recurrent conditions.

What are the symptoms of Parotitis?

The symptoms of parotitis include the following:

Abnormal tastes
Difficulty opening mouth
Dry mouth
Fever
Mouth or facial pain
- Especially during chewing and swallowing
Reddening of the face or upper neck
Facial swelling
- Particularly in front of the ears

What causes Parotitis?

The causes of Parotitis include viruses such as mumps, HIV, or extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It can also result from a staph infection from staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Parotitis can result from blockages in the mouth, including benign or malignant tumors or salivary gland stones. A chronic disease that can cause parotitis is Sjögren's Syndrome.

Who is at highest risk?

Children between 6 months and 16 years old for mumps-based parotitis.
Women over age 40 and/or perimenopausal, for parotitis from Sjögren’s syndrome.
People lacking the mumps vaccine or anti-tuberculosis vaccination.
Those who smoke, chew tobacco, or have poor oral hygiene.

Diagnosis

An examination of the mouth, particularly behind the ears, will be done to determine if the parotid glands are swollen.
A cheek or mouth swab may be done to obtain a sample to test for viruses such as mumps and HIV, or presence of bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus.
A CT scan or MRI may be done if the cause is suspected to be from an abscess or an obstruction, such as a salivary gland stone.
A sample will be taken for analysis in the event of a parotid gland tumor.
An examination to check for presence of pus may be done to diagnose parotitis sourced from an abscess.

When to seek urgent medical care?

When diagnosed with parotitis: If fever develops or worsens or you have difficulty breathing or swallowing.
If swelling is due to a tumor that does not respond to therapy.

Treatment options

Pain relievers, such as aspirin and tylenol.
Heated massages of the outside of the parotid gland.
Warm salt water rinses.
Lemon drops or lozenges to stimulate saliva flow.
Antiretroviral medication if the cause is HIV.
Anti-tuberculosis medication
Antibiotics and abscess draining for bacterial infection-caused parotitis.
Surgery of the parotid gland (partial or full)

Where to find medical care for Parotitis?

Directions to Hospitals Treating Parotitis

Prevention

Vaccination against mumps and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Practicing good oral hygiene.
Washing hands frequently.
Avoiding close contact with those who are sick.
Limiting sexual contact with HIV-infected individuals.
Using condoms during sexual intercourse
Limiting alcohol consumption.
Reducing tobacco consumption and smoking.
Avoiding harmful inhalants, such as pesticides.

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Prognosis is usually good and full recovery is expected with or without treating symptoms.

Possible complications

Parotid gland abscesses are potential complications from lingering inflammation due to bacterial infection.

Sources

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001041.htm Template:WH Template:WS

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 '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Parotitis|here]]'''
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{LRO}}
-Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here. It's easy!  Click  [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]]  to learn about editing.
 ==Overview==
+*Parotitis is a disease caused by inflammation of the [[parotid glands]] found under the [[mouth]] and in back of both [[ears]]. It is a symptom of [[viral]] or [[bacterial]] infection, a [[growth]], or from recurrent conditions.
-[[Salivary gland]] infections are viral or bacterial infections of the saliva-producing glands.
-There are three pairs of major [[salivary gland]]s.
-The two largest are the [[parotid gland]]s, one in each cheek over the jaw in front of the ears. [[Inflammation]] of one or more of these glands is called parotitis, or parotiditis.
-All of the [[salivary gland]]s empty [[saliva]] into the mouth through ducts that open at various locations in the mouth.
 ==What are the symptoms of Parotitis?==
+The symptoms of parotitis include the following:
-* Abnormal tastes, foul tastes
+*Abnormal tastes
-* Decreased ability to open the mouth
+*[[Trismus|Difficulty opening mouth]]
-* Dry mouth
+*[[Dry mouth]]
-* [[Fever]]
+*[[Fever]]
-* Mouth or facial pain, especially when eating
+*Mouth or facial pain
-* Redness over the side of the face
+**Especially during [[chewing]] and [[swallowing]]
-* Swelling of the face (particularly in front of the ears)
+*[[Erythema|Reddening]] of the face or upper neck
+*Facial [[swelling]]
+**Particularly in front of the ears
 ==What causes Parotitis?==
+The causes of Parotitis include [[viruses]] such as [[mumps]], [[HIV]], or [[extrapulmonary tuberculosis]]. It can also result from a [[''staphylococcus aureus'' infection|staph infection]] from ''[[staphylococcus aureus]]'' bacteria. Parotitis can result from blockages in the [[mouth]], including benign or malignant [[tumors]] or [[Salivary duct stone|salivary gland stones]]. A chronic disease that can cause parotitis is [[Sjögren's Syndrome]].
-[[Parotid gland]] infections are somewhat common, and they can return in some people.
-Viral infections such as [[mumps]] often affect the salivary glands (mumps most often causes parotiditis). Mumps is a rare infection today because of immunization with the [[MMR vaccine]].
-Bacterial infections usually result from a blockage (such as salivary duct stones) or poor oral hygiene. They can be seen in people who are dehydrated and in the hospital.
 ==Who is at highest risk?==
+*Children between 6 months and 16 years old for [[mumps]]-based parotitis.
-==When to seek urgent medical care?==
+*Women over age 40 and/or [[perimenopausal]], for parotitis from [[Sjögren’s syndrome]].
+*People lacking the [[MMR vaccine|mumps vaccine]] or anti-[[tuberculosis]] [[vaccination]].
-Call your health care provider if:
+*Those who smoke, chew tobacco, or have poor oral hygiene.
-* You have symptoms of a [[parotid gland]] infection
-* You've been diagnosed with a [[parotid gland]] infection and symptoms get worse, especially if your fever increases or you have breathing or swallowing difficulty (these may be emergency symptoms).
 ==Diagnosis==
-An examination by the [[health care provider]] or [[dentist]] will show that the [[parotid gland]]s are enlarged. [[Pus]] may drain into the mouth. The gland may be painful, most often if there is an infection caused by bacteria.
+*An examination of the [[mouth]], particularly behind the [[ears]], will be done to determine if the [[parotid glands]] are swollen.
+*A [[cheek]] or [[mouth]] swab may be done to obtain a sample to test for viruses such as [[mumps]] and [[HIV]], or presence of bacteria such as ''[[staphylococcus aureus]]''.
+*A CT scan or MRI may be done if the cause is suspected to be from an [[abscess]] or an obstruction, such as a [[Salivary duct stone|salivary gland stone]].
+*A sample will be taken for analysis in the event of a [[parotid gland]] [[tumor]].
+*An examination to check for presence of [[pus]] may be done to diagnose parotitis sourced from an [[abscess]].
-A [[CT scan]] or [[ultrasound]] may be done if the doctor suspects an [[abscess]].
+==When to seek urgent medical care?==
+*When diagnosed with parotitis: If [[fever]] develops or worsens or you have [[difficulty breathing]] or [[swallowing]].
+*If swelling is due to a [[tumor]] that does not respond to therapy.
 ==Treatment options==
+*Pain relievers, such as [[aspirin]] and [[tylenol]].
-In some cases, no treatment is needed.
+*Heated massages of the outside of the [[parotid gland]].
+*Warm salt water rinses.
-If there is pus or a fever, or if the infection is caused by bacteria, antibiotics may be prescribed. [[Antibiotics]] are not effective against viral infections.
+*Lemon drops or [[lozenges]] to stimulate saliva flow.
+*[[Antiretroviral]] medication if the cause is [[HIV]].
-If there is an abscess, surgery to drain it or [[aspiration]] may be done.
+*Anti-[[tuberculosis]] medication
+*[[Antibiotics]] and [[abscess]] draining for [[bacterial]] infection-caused parotitis.
-Practice good oral hygiene. Brushing your teeth and flossing thoroughly at least twice per day may help with healing and prevent an infection from spreading. If you are a smoker, stop [[smoking]] to help with recovery.
+*[[Surgery]] of the [[parotid gland]] (partial or full)
-Warm salt water rinses (1/2 teaspoon of salt in 1 cup of water) may be soothing and keep the mouth moist.
-Drink lots of water and use sugar-free lemon drops to increase the flow of saliva and reduce swelling. Massaging the gland with heat may help.
 ==Where to find medical care for Parotitis?==
@@ Line 67: / Line 54: @@
 ==Prevention==
+*[[Vaccination]] against [[mumps]] and [[extrapulmonary tuberculosis]].
-In many cases, parotid gland infections cannot be prevented. Good oral hygiene may prevent some cases of bacterial infection.
+*Practicing good oral hygiene.
+*Washing hands frequently.
+*Avoiding close contact with those who are sick.
+*Limiting sexual contact with [[HIV]]-infected individuals.
+*Using [[condoms]] during [[sexual intercourse]]
+*Limiting alcohol consumption.
+*Reducing tobacco consumption and smoking.
+*Avoiding harmful inhalants, such as pesticides.
 ==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?==
+Prognosis is usually good and full recovery is expected with or without treating symptoms.
-Most parotid gland infections go away on their own or are cured with treatment. Some infections will return. Complications are not common, but they may occur.
 ==Possible complications==
+[[Parotid gland]] [[abscesses]] are potential complications from lingering [[inflammation]] due to [[bacterial]] infection.
-* [[Abscess]] of the gland
-* Infection returns
-* Spread of infection ([[cellulitis]], [[Ludwig's angina]])
 ==Sources==
+https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001041.htm
-[[Category:Needs content]]
 [[Category:Disease]]
-[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 [[Category:Patient information]]
 [[Category:Glands]]