Dry mouth

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Xerostomia Classification and external resources
ICD-10	K11.7, R68.2
ICD-9	527.7
DiseasesDB	17880

WikiDoc Resources for Dry mouth
Articles
Most recent articles on Dry mouth Most cited articles on Dry mouth Review articles on Dry mouth Articles on Dry mouth in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Dry mouth Images of Dry mouth Photos of Dry mouth Podcasts & MP3s on Dry mouth Videos on Dry mouth
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Dry mouth Bandolier on Dry mouth TRIP on Dry mouth
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Dry mouth at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Dry mouth Clinical Trials on Dry mouth at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Dry mouth NICE Guidance on Dry mouth NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Dry mouth CDC on Dry mouth
Books
Books on Dry mouth
News
Dry mouth in the news Be alerted to news on Dry mouth News trends on Dry mouth
Commentary
Blogs on Dry mouth
Definitions
Definitions of Dry mouth
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Dry mouth Discussion groups on Dry mouth Patient Handouts on Dry mouth Directions to Hospitals Treating Dry mouth Risk calculators and risk factors for Dry mouth
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Dry mouth Causes & Risk Factors for Dry mouth Diagnostic studies for Dry mouth Treatment of Dry mouth
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Dry mouth
International
Dry mouth en Espanol Dry mouth en Francais
Business
Dry mouth in the Marketplace Patents on Dry mouth
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Dry mouth

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Xerostomia is the medical term for a dry mouth due to a lack of saliva. Xerostomia is sometimes colloquially called pasties or cottonmouth.

Xerostomia can cause difficulty in speech and eating. It also leads to halitosis and a dramatic rise in the number of cavities, as the protective effect of saliva is no longer present, and can make the mucosa of the mouth more vulnerable to infection. Notably, a symptom of methamphetamine abuse usually called "meth mouth" is largely caused by xerostomia.

Causes

It may be a sign of an underlying disease, such as Sjögren's syndrome, poorly controlled diabetes, or Eaton-Lambert syndrome, but this is not always so.

Other causes of insufficient saliva include anxiety, medications, or alcohol, trauma to the salivary glands or their ducts or nerves, dehydration, excessive mouth breathing, previous radiation therapy, and also a natural result of aging. The vast majority of elderly individuals will suffer xerostomia to some degree. Playing or exercising a long time outside on a hot day will often cause your saliva glands to simply dry up as your bodily fluids are concentrated elsewhere. Drugs have also been known to cause this problem, such as cannabis, and DXM.

Differential Diagnosis of the causes of Dry mouth

Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Dry mouth

(By organ system)

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate, Arsenic Poisoning,
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Abciximab (patient information), Acamprosate (patient information), Acitretin (patient information), Actiq, Adderall, Ajulemic acid, Albuterol (patient information), Alfentanil Hydrochloride Injection (patient information), Anticholinergic, Azelastine, Benzatropine, Benztropine Mesylate Oral (patient information), Benzydamine, Benzylpiperazine, Bepridil (patient information), Bevacizumab Injection (patient information), Biperiden, Brompheniramine (patient information), Budesonide, Buprenorphine, Bupropion, Buspirone (patient information), Butorphanol Injection (patient information), Calcitriol (patient information), Calcium carbonate (patient information), Carbamazepine (patient information), Cetuximab Injection (patient information), Cevimeline, Chlordiazepoxide (patient information), Chloropyramine, Chlorpheniramine (patient information), Chlorpromazine (patient information), Chlorprothixene, Clomipramine (patient information), Clonazepam (patient information), Clonidine, Clozapine, Codeine, Cyclobenzaprine (patient information), Cyproheptadine (patient information), Dextroamphetamine, Diazepam (patient information), Dicyclomine (patient information), Diethylpropion (patient information), Diltiazem (patient information), Dimenhydrinate, Diphenhydramine, Diphenoxylate and Atropine (patient information), Dosulepin hydrochloride, Doxylamine (patient information), Duloxetine, Erlotinib (patient information), Esomeprazole (patient information), Estazolam (patient information), Exenatide Injection (patient information), Fencamfamine, Fexofenadine (patient information), Flavoxate (patient information), Fluacizine, Flucytosine, Fluphenazine (patient information), Fosamprenavir (patient information), Frovatriptan (patient information), Gabapentin (patient information), Galantamine (patient information), Ganciclovir (patient information), Gatifloxacin (patient information), Glimepiride (patient information), Glipizide (patient information), Glyburide (patient information), Glycopyrrolate (patient information), Guanabenz (patient information), Guanethidine (patient information), Guanfacine (patient information), Haloperidol Oral (patient information), Hexamethonium, Hydroxyzine (patient information), Hyoscyamine (patient information), Imipramine (patient information), Insulin Aspart (rDNA Origin) Injection (patient information), Interferon beta-1a Subcutaneous Injection (patient information), Ipratropium Oral Inhalation (patient information), Isocarboxazid (patient information), Isoetharine Oral Inhalation (patient information), Isoproterenol Oral Inhalation (patient information), Isosorbide (patient information), Ketorolac, Ketotifen, Levalbuterol Oral Inhalation (patient information), Levodopa and Carbidopa (patient information), Levomepromazine, Lithium (patient information), Lofepramine, Loperamide, Lopinavir and Ritonavir (patient information), Loratadine (patient information), Lorazepam (patient information), Loxapine Oral (patient information), Meperidine (patient information), Meropenem Injection (patient information), Mesalamine (patient information), Mesoridazine Oral (patient information), Metaproterenol (patient information), Metformin (patient information), Methylphenidate Transdermal (patient information), Metoprolol (patient information), Metronidazole Oral (patient information), Miglitol (patient information), Moclobemide, Modafinil (patient information), Moxonidine, Nabilone (patient information), Nabumetone (patient information), Nalbuphine injection (patient information), Nateglinide oral (patient information), Nefazodone (patient information), Nialamide, Nicardipine (patient information), Nitroglycerin ointment (patient information), Nortriptyline (patient information), Olanzapine (patient information), Omeprazole (patient information), Orphenadrine (patient information), Oxaliplatin injection (patient information), Oxazepam (patient information), Oxcarbazepine (patient information), Peginterferon alfa-2a (patient information), Peginterferon alfa-2b (patient information), Penbutolol (patient information), Pergolide (patient information), Perphenazine oral (patient information), Phentermine (patient information), Pimozide (patient information), Pindolol (patient information), Pioglitazone (patient information), Pirbuterol acetate oral inhalation (patient information), Pizotifen, Pramipexole (patient information), Prazepam (patient information), Pregabalin (patient information), Procarbazine (patient information), Procyclidine (patient information), Propafenone (patient information), Propantheline (patient information), Protriptyline (patient information), Quetiapine (patient information), Quinethazone, Rabeprazole (patient information), Rasagiline (patient information), Reboxetine, Repaglinide (patient information), Reserpine (patient information), Ribavirin (patient information), Rilmenidine, Risedronate (patient information), Risperidone (patient information), Rizatriptan (patient information), Ropinirole (patient information), Rosiglitazone (patient information), Salmeterol oral inhalation (patient information), Scopolamine patch (patient information), Selegiline (patient information), Sibutramine (patient information), Solifenacin (patient information), Sorafenib (patient information), Spironolactone (patient information), Sulpiride, Sunitinib (patient information), Temazepam (patient information), Thioridazine (patient information), Thiothixene Oral (patient information), Tolazamide (patient information), Tolbutamide (patient information), Tolterodine (patient information), Topiramate, Tranylcypromine (patient information), Trazodone (patient information), Triamterene (patient information), Triazolam (patient information), Tricyclic antidepressant, Trifluoperazine Oral (patient information), Trihexyphenidyl (patient information), Trimipramine (patient information), Tripelennamine, Trospium (patient information), Vicodin, Vinpocetine, Zaleplon (patient information), Zimelidine, Zoledronic Acid Injection (patient information), Zolmitriptan, Zolpidem (patient information), Zonisamide (patient information), Zopiclone, Zotepine,
Ear Nose Throat	Excessive mouth breathing,
Endocrine	Diabetes,
Environmental	Multiple chemical sensitivity,
Gastroenterologic	Zenker's diverticulum,
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Radiation therapy,
Infectious Disease	Botulism,
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II,
Nutritional / Metabolic	Hyperglycemia,
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Albuterol (patient information), Galantamine (patient information), Methylphenidate Transdermal (patient information), Omeprazole (patient information),
Psychiatric	Anxiety,
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Sjogren's syndrome Eaton-Lambert syndrome
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Trauma to the salivary glands
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Dehydration, Hyperosmolar syndrome,

Treatment

Treatment involves finding any correctable causes and fixing those if possible. In many cases it is not possible to correct the xerostomia itself, and treatment focuses on relieving the symptoms and preventing cavities. Patients who have endured chemotherapy usually suffer from this post- treatment.

Patients with xerostomia should avoid the use of decongestants and antihistamines, and pay careful attention to oral hygiene. Sipping sugarless fluids frequently, chewing xylitol-containing gum^[1], and using a carboxymethyl cellulose saliva substitute as a mouthwash may help. Aquoral may be prescribed to treat xerostomia. Non-systemic relief can be found using an oxidized glycerol triesters treatment used to coat the mouth.

References

1. ↑ Jensen JL, Langberg CW (1997): Temporary hyposalivation induced by radiation therapy in a child. Tidsskr Nor Loegeforen 21:3077-9

External links

• Oral Cancer Foundation
• University of Illinois at Chicago
• NIH
• Sjögren's Syndrome Foundation page on Dry Mouth

v • d • e Symptoms and signs (R00-R69, 780-789)
Circulatory and respiratory systems	Tachycardia - Bradycardia - Palpitation - Heart murmur - Nosebleed - Hemoptysis - Cough - abnormalities of breathing (Dyspnea, Orthopnoea, Stridor, Wheeze, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Hyperventilation, Mouth breathing, Hiccup, Bradypnea, Hypoventilation) - Chest pain - Asphyxia - Pleurisy - Respiratory arrest - Sputum - Bruit
Digestive system and abdomen	Abdominal pain - Acute abdomen - Nausea - Vomiting - Heartburn - Dysphagia - Flatulence - Burping - Fecal incontinence - Encopresis - Hepatomegaly - Splenomegaly - Hepatosplenomegaly - Jaundice - Ascites - Fecal occult blood - Halitosis
Skin and subcutaneous tissue	disturbances of skin sensation (Hypoesthesia, Paresthesia, Hyperesthesia) - Rash - Cyanosis - Pallor - Flushing - Petechia - Desquamation - Induration
Nervous and musculoskeletal systems	abnormal involuntary movements (Tremor, Spasm, Fasciculation, Athetosis) - Gait abnormality - lack of coordination (Ataxia, Dysmetria, Dysdiadochokinesia, Hypotonia) - Tetany - Meningism - Hyperreflexia
Urinary system	Dysuria - Vesical tenesmus - Urinary incontinence - Urinary retention - Oliguria - Polyuria - Nocturia
Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour	Anxiety - Somnolence - Coma - Amnesia (Anterograde amnesia, Retrograde amnesia) - Dizziness/Vertigo - smell and taste (Anosmia, Ageusia, Parosmia, Parageusia)
Speech and voice	speech disturbances (Dysphasia, Aphasia, Dysarthria) - symbolic dysfunctions (Dyslexia, Alexia, Agnosia, Apraxia, Acalculia, Agraphia) - voice disturbances (Dysphonia, Aphonia)
General symptoms and signs	Fever (Hyperpyrexia) - Headache - Chronic pain - Malaise - Fatigue - Fainting (Vasovagal syncope) - Febrile seizure - Shock (Cardiogenic shock) - Lymphadenopathy - Edema (Peripheral edema, Anasarca) - Hyperhidrosis (Sleep hyperhidrosis) - Delayed milestone - Failure to thrive - food and fluid intake (Anorexia, Polydipsia, Polyphagia) - Cachexia - Xerostomia - Clubbing

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Dry mouth
Articles on Dry mouth	Most recent articles on Dry mouth • Most cited articles on Dry mouth • Review articles on Dry mouth • Articles on Dry mouth in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Dry mouth	Powerpoint slides on Dry mouth • Images of Dry mouth • Photos of Dry mouth • Podcasts & MP3s on Dry mouth • Videos on Dry mouth
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Dry mouth	Cochrane Collaboration on Dry mouth • Bandolier on Dry mouth • TRIP on Dry mouth
Cost Effectiveness of Dry mouth	Cost Effectiveness of Dry mouth
Clinical Trials Involving Dry mouth	Ongoing Trials on Dry mouth at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Dry mouth • Clinical Trials on Dry mouth at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Dry mouth	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Dry mouth • NICE Guidance on Dry mouth • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Dry mouth • CDC on Dry mouth
Textbook Information on Dry mouth	Books and Textbook Information on Dry mouth
Pharmacology Resources on Dry mouth	Dosing of Dry mouth • Drug interactions with Dry mouth • Side effects of Dry mouth • Allergic reactions to Dry mouth • Overdose information on Dry mouth • Carcinogenicity information on Dry mouth • Dry mouth in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Dry mouth •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Dry mouth	Genetics of Dry mouth • Pharmacogenomics of Dry mouth • Proteomics of Dry mouth
Newstories on Dry mouth	Dry mouth in the news • Be alerted to news on Dry mouth • News trends on Dry mouth
Commentary on Dry mouth	Blogs on Dry mouth
Patient Resources on Dry mouth	Patient resources on Dry mouth • Discussion groups on Dry mouth • Patient Handouts on Dry mouth • Directions to Hospitals Treating Dry mouth • Risk calculators and risk factors for Dry mouth
Healthcare Provider Resources on Dry mouth	Symptoms of Dry mouth • Causes & Risk Factors for Dry mouth • Diagnostic studies for Dry mouth • Treatment of Dry mouth
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Dry mouth	CME Programs on Dry mouth
International Resources on Dry mouth	Dry mouth en Espanol • Dry mouth en Francais
Business Resources on Dry mouth	Dry mouth in the Marketplace • Patents on Dry mouth
Informatics Resources on Dry mouth	List of terms related to Dry mouth

da:Xerostomi

de:Mundtrockenheitnl:Xerostomiefi:Kserostomia sv:Muntorrhet