Non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk factors: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 20:37, 21 January 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Preeti Singh, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

The known risk factors in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are weakened immune system, autoimmune disorders, certain infections, and previous cancer treatment. Other possible risk factors include positive family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, exposure to pesticides, exposure to trichloroethylene, diet, obesity, hair dyes, and occupational exposures.

Risk Factors

The known risk factors in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

**Risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma**
Known risk factors	Factors that Decrease risk
Age (above 60 years)	Alcohol consumption
Ethnicity (Caucasians more than African and Asian Americans)	Atopic disease
Positive family history of first degree relative with non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Hormone therapy use after ≥ 50 years of age
Weakened immune system ( genetic diseases like ataxia telangiectasia or infection like HIV)	High sun exposure
B-cell activating autoimmune disorders
Radiation exposure
Infections ( HIV, Hep C, HTLV-1, EBV, HHV-8, Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydophila psittaci, Campylobacter jejuni),
Previous cancer treatment
Exposure to chemicals and drugs (pesticides, methotrexate,tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, trichloroethylene)
Cigarette smoking for ≥ 40 years
BMI ≥30 kg/m2
Occupational exposures (hairdresser, farmer)
Diet
Hair dyes
Breast implants

References

↑ Kane EV, Bernstein L, Bracci PM, Cerhan JR, Costas L, Dal Maso L, Holly EA, La Vecchia C, Matsuo K, Sanjose S, Spinelli JJ, Wang SS, Zhang Y, Zheng T, Roman E, Kricker A (February 2013). "Postmenopausal hormone therapy and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis of InterLymph case-control studies". Ann. Oncol. 24 (2): 433–41. doi:10.1093/annonc/mds340. PMC 3551484. PMID 22967995.
↑ Skibola CF, Slager SL, Berndt SI, Lightfoot T, Sampson JN, Morton LM, Weisenburger DD (August 2014). "Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 125–9. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu009. PMC 4155464. PMID 25174033.
↑ Bracci PM, Benavente Y, Turner JJ, Paltiel O, Slager SL, Vajdic CM, Norman AD, Cerhan JR, Chiu BC, Becker N, Cocco P, Dogan A, Nieters A, Holly EA, Kane EV, Smedby KE, Maynadié M, Spinelli JJ, Roman E, Glimelius B, Wang SS, Sampson JN, Morton LM, de Sanjosé S (August 2014). "Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for marginal zone lymphoma: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 52–65. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu011. PMC 4207869. PMID 25174026.
↑ Morton LM, Slager SL, Cerhan JR, Wang SS, Vajdic CM, Skibola CF, Bracci PM, de Sanjosé S, Smedby KE, Chiu BC, Zhang Y, Mbulaiteye SM, Monnereau A, Turner JJ, Clavel J, Adami HO, Chang ET, Glimelius B, Hjalgrim H, Melbye M, Crosignani P, di Lollo S, Miligi L, Nanni O, Ramazzotti V, Rodella S, Costantini AS, Stagnaro E, Tumino R, Vindigni C, Vineis P, Becker N, Benavente Y, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Cocco P, Foretova L, Maynadié M, Nieters A, Staines A, Colt JS, Cozen W, Davis S, de Roos AJ, Hartge P, Rothman N, Severson RK, Holly EA, Call TG, Feldman AL, Habermann TM, Liebow M, Blair A, Cantor KP, Kane EV, Lightfoot T, Roman E, Smith A, Brooks-Wilson A, Connors JM, Gascoyne RD, Spinelli JJ, Armstrong BK, Kricker A, Holford TR, Lan Q, Zheng T, Orsi L, Dal Maso L, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Serraino D, Bernstein L, Levine A, Friedberg JW, Kelly JL, Berndt SI, Birmann BM, Clarke CA, Flowers CR, Foran JM, Kadin ME, Paltiel O, Weisenburger DD, Linet MS, Sampson JN (August 2014). "Etiologic heterogeneity among non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 130–44. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu013. PMC 4155467. PMID 25174034.
↑ Cerhan JR, Kricker A, Paltiel O, Flowers CR, Wang SS, Monnereau A, Blair A, Dal Maso L, Kane EV, Nieters A, Foran JM, Miligi L, Clavel J, Bernstein L, Rothman N, Slager SL, Sampson JN, Morton LM, Skibola CF (August 2014). "Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 15–25. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu010. PMC 4155465. PMID 25174023.
↑ Chihara D, Nastoupil LJ, Williams JN, Lee P, Koff JL, Flowers CR (May 2015). "New insights into the epidemiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and implications for therapy". Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 15 (5): 531–44. doi:10.1586/14737140.2015.1023712. PMC 4698971. PMID 25864967.

Template:Hematology

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid22967995-1] Kane EV, Bernstein L, Bracci PM, Cerhan JR, Costas L, Dal Maso L, Holly EA, La Vecchia C, Matsuo K, Sanjose S, Spinelli JJ, Wang SS, Zhang Y, Zheng T, Roman E, Kricker A (February 2013). "Postmenopausal hormone therapy and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis of InterLymph case-control studies". Ann. Oncol. 24 (2): 433–41. doi:10.1093/annonc/mds340. PMC 3551484. PMID 22967995.

[pmid25174033-2] Skibola CF, Slager SL, Berndt SI, Lightfoot T, Sampson JN, Morton LM, Weisenburger DD (August 2014). "Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 125–9. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu009. PMC 4155464. PMID 25174033.

[pmid25174026-3] Bracci PM, Benavente Y, Turner JJ, Paltiel O, Slager SL, Vajdic CM, Norman AD, Cerhan JR, Chiu BC, Becker N, Cocco P, Dogan A, Nieters A, Holly EA, Kane EV, Smedby KE, Maynadié M, Spinelli JJ, Roman E, Glimelius B, Wang SS, Sampson JN, Morton LM, de Sanjosé S (August 2014). "Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for marginal zone lymphoma: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 52–65. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu011. PMC 4207869. PMID 25174026.

[pmid25174034-4] Morton LM, Slager SL, Cerhan JR, Wang SS, Vajdic CM, Skibola CF, Bracci PM, de Sanjosé S, Smedby KE, Chiu BC, Zhang Y, Mbulaiteye SM, Monnereau A, Turner JJ, Clavel J, Adami HO, Chang ET, Glimelius B, Hjalgrim H, Melbye M, Crosignani P, di Lollo S, Miligi L, Nanni O, Ramazzotti V, Rodella S, Costantini AS, Stagnaro E, Tumino R, Vindigni C, Vineis P, Becker N, Benavente Y, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Cocco P, Foretova L, Maynadié M, Nieters A, Staines A, Colt JS, Cozen W, Davis S, de Roos AJ, Hartge P, Rothman N, Severson RK, Holly EA, Call TG, Feldman AL, Habermann TM, Liebow M, Blair A, Cantor KP, Kane EV, Lightfoot T, Roman E, Smith A, Brooks-Wilson A, Connors JM, Gascoyne RD, Spinelli JJ, Armstrong BK, Kricker A, Holford TR, Lan Q, Zheng T, Orsi L, Dal Maso L, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Serraino D, Bernstein L, Levine A, Friedberg JW, Kelly JL, Berndt SI, Birmann BM, Clarke CA, Flowers CR, Foran JM, Kadin ME, Paltiel O, Weisenburger DD, Linet MS, Sampson JN (August 2014). "Etiologic heterogeneity among non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 130–44. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu013. PMC 4155467. PMID 25174034.

[pmid25174023-5] Cerhan JR, Kricker A, Paltiel O, Flowers CR, Wang SS, Monnereau A, Blair A, Dal Maso L, Kane EV, Nieters A, Foran JM, Miligi L, Clavel J, Bernstein L, Rothman N, Slager SL, Sampson JN, Morton LM, Skibola CF (August 2014). "Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 15–25. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu010. PMC 4155465. PMID 25174023.

[pmid25864967-6] Chihara D, Nastoupil LJ, Williams JN, Lee P, Koff JL, Flowers CR (May 2015). "New insights into the epidemiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and implications for therapy". Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 15 (5): 531–44. doi:10.1586/14737140.2015.1023712. PMC 4698971. PMID 25864967.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Non-Hodgkin lymphoma}}
-The following are some of the risk factors associated with this disease:
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Preeti}}
+==Overview==
-*Age/sex.  The likelihood of getting non-Hodgkin's lymphoma increases with age and is more common in men than in women.
+The known risk factors in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are weakened immune system, [[autoimmune disorders]], certain infections, and previous cancer treatment. Other possible risk factors include positive family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, exposure to [[pesticides]], exposure to [[trichloroethylene]], [[diet]], [[obesity]], hair dyes, and occupational exposures.
-*Weakened immune system ([[AIDS-related lymphoma]]).  Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is more common among people with inherited immune deficiencies, [[autoimmune disease]]s, or HIV/[[AIDS]], and among people taking [[immunosuppressant]] drugs following [[organ transplant]]s. (see [[Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder]])
+==Risk Factors==
-*Viruses.  Human T-lymphotropic virus type I ([[HTLV-1]]) and [[Epstein-Barr virus]] are two infectious agents that increase the chance of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
+The known risk factors in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are:<ref name="pmid22967995">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kane EV, Bernstein L, Bracci PM, Cerhan JR, Costas L, Dal Maso L, Holly EA, La Vecchia C, Matsuo K, Sanjose S, Spinelli JJ, Wang SS, Zhang Y, Zheng T, Roman E, Kricker A |title=Postmenopausal hormone therapy and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis of InterLymph case-control studies |journal=Ann. Oncol. |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=433–41 |date=February 2013 |pmid=22967995 |pmc=3551484 |doi=10.1093/annonc/mds340 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25174033">{{cite journal |vauthors=Skibola CF, Slager SL, Berndt SI, Lightfoot T, Sampson JN, Morton LM, Weisenburger DD |title=Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs |volume=2014 |issue=48 |pages=125–9 |date=August 2014 |pmid=25174033 |pmc=4155464 |doi=10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25174026">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bracci PM, Benavente Y, Turner JJ, Paltiel O, Slager SL, Vajdic CM, Norman AD, Cerhan JR, Chiu BC, Becker N, Cocco P, Dogan A, Nieters A, Holly EA, Kane EV, Smedby KE, Maynadié M, Spinelli JJ, Roman E, Glimelius B, Wang SS, Sampson JN, Morton LM, de Sanjosé S |title=Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for marginal zone lymphoma: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs |volume=2014 |issue=48 |pages=52–65 |date=August 2014 |pmid=25174026 |pmc=4207869 |doi=10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu011 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25174034">{{cite journal |vauthors=Morton LM, Slager SL, Cerhan JR, Wang SS, Vajdic CM, Skibola CF, Bracci PM, de Sanjosé S, Smedby KE, Chiu BC, Zhang Y, Mbulaiteye SM, Monnereau A, Turner JJ, Clavel J, Adami HO, Chang ET, Glimelius B, Hjalgrim H, Melbye M, Crosignani P, di Lollo S, Miligi L, Nanni O, Ramazzotti V, Rodella S, Costantini AS, Stagnaro E, Tumino R, Vindigni C, Vineis P, Becker N, Benavente Y, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Cocco P, Foretova L, Maynadié M, Nieters A, Staines A, Colt JS, Cozen W, Davis S, de Roos AJ, Hartge P, Rothman N, Severson RK, Holly EA, Call TG, Feldman AL, Habermann TM, Liebow M, Blair A, Cantor KP, Kane EV, Lightfoot T, Roman E, Smith A, Brooks-Wilson A, Connors JM, Gascoyne RD, Spinelli JJ, Armstrong BK, Kricker A, Holford TR, Lan Q, Zheng T, Orsi L, Dal Maso L, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Serraino D, Bernstein L, Levine A, Friedberg JW, Kelly JL, Berndt SI, Birmann BM, Clarke CA, Flowers CR, Foran JM, Kadin ME, Paltiel O, Weisenburger DD, Linet MS, Sampson JN |title=Etiologic heterogeneity among non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs |volume=2014 |issue=48 |pages=130–44 |date=August 2014 |pmid=25174034 |pmc=4155467 |doi=10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu013 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25174023">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cerhan JR, Kricker A, Paltiel O, Flowers CR, Wang SS, Monnereau A, Blair A, Dal Maso L, Kane EV, Nieters A, Foran JM, Miligi L, Clavel J, Bernstein L, Rothman N, Slager SL, Sampson JN, Morton LM, Skibola CF |title=Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs |volume=2014 |issue=48 |pages=15–25 |date=August 2014 |pmid=25174023 |pmc=4155465 |doi=10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu010 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25864967">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chihara D, Nastoupil LJ, Williams JN, Lee P, Koff JL, Flowers CR |title=New insights into the epidemiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and implications for therapy |journal=Expert Rev Anticancer Ther |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=531–44 |date=May 2015 |pmid=25864967 |pmc=4698971 |doi=10.1586/14737140.2015.1023712 |url=}}</ref>
-*Environment.  People who work extensively with or are otherwise exposed to certain chemicals, such as pesticides, solvents, or fertilizers, have a greater chance of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
-People who are concerned about non-Hodgkin's lymphoma should talk with their doctor about the disease, the symptoms to watch for, and an appropriate schedule for checkups. The doctor's advice will be based on the person's age, medical history, and other factors.
+{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
+|+ '''Risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma'''
+! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | Known risk factors
+! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Factors that Decrease risk'''
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Age (above 60 years)
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Alcohol]] consumption
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Ethnicity (Caucasians more than African and Asian Americans)
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Atopy|Atopic disease]]
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Positive family history of first degree relative with non-Hodgkin lymphoma
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Hormone replacement therapy|Hormone therapy]] use after ≥ 50 years of age
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Weakened immune system ( genetic diseases like [[ataxia telangiectasia]] or infection like HIV)
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | High sun exposure
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | B-cell activating [[autoimmune disorders]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Radioactive contamination|Radiation exposure]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Infections ( [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]], [[Hepatitis C|Hep C]], [[Human T-lymphotropic virus|HTLV-1]], [[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]], [[Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus|HHV-8]], [[Helicobacter pylori]], [[Chlamydophila psittaci|Chlamydophila psitt]]<nowiki/>aci, [[Campylobacter jejuni]]),
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Previous cancer treatment
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Exposure to chemicals and drugs ([[pesticides]], [[methotrexate]],tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, [[trichloroethylene]])
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Smoking|Cigarette smoking]] for ≥ 40 years
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Body mass index|BMI]] ≥30 kg/m2
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Occupational exposures (hairdresser, farmer)
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Diet (nutrition)|Diet]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hair dyes
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Breast implants]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+|}
+:*
 ==References==
@@ Line 16: / Line 66: @@
 {{Hematology}}
 {{Hematological malignancy histology}}
-[[bn:অ-হজকিনের লসিকার্বুদ]]
-[[de:Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom]]
-[[es:Linfomas no-Hodgkins]]
-[[fr:Lymphome non-hodgkinien]]
-[[nl:Non-Hodgkin]]
-[[ja:非ホジキンリンパ腫]]
-[[pl:Chłoniaki nieziarnicze]]
-[[pt:Linfoma não-Hodgkin]]
-[[fi:Non-Hodgkinin lymfooma]]
-[[sv: Non-Hodgkins lymfom]]
 [[Category:Hematology]]
 [[Category:Types of cancer]]
-[[Category:Oncology]]
-[[Category:Needs content]]
 [[Category:Disease]]
 {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
 {{WikiDoc Sources}}
+ [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Oncology]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]
+[[Category:Hematology]]
+[[Category:Immunology]]

v t e Myeloid Hematological malignancy/leukemia histology (ICD-O 9590-9989, C81-C96, 200-208)
CFU-GM/ and other granulocytes	Template:Navbox subgroup
MEP	Template:Navbox subgroup
CFU-Mast	Mastocytoma (Mast cell leukemia, Mast cell sarcoma, Systemic mastocytosis)
Multiple/unknown	AML (Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis, Myeloid sarcoma) · MP (Myelofibrosis) · Acute biphenotypic leukaemia
See also hematology, lymphoid malignancy

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk factors: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 20:37, 21 January 2019

Overview

Risk Factors

References

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