Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection future or investigational therapies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Future or Investigational Therapies
In Vitro Studies
The development of an antiviral drug is a long-winded process that may not be compatible with the need of a drug to treat coronaviruses, specifically MERS-CoV. Therefore, some studies using existing therapies are being developed in order to find a drug that will likely inhibit the infection by MERS-CoV.[1][2] One of these studies was performed on cell cultures, in the hope of finding a previously approved FDA compounds that would inhibit the replication of the virus in vitro. It was able to find four molecule inhibitors of the replication of MERS-CoV:[1][2]
Although the selectivity index of some compounds was limited, the researchers were able to determine a concentration of drug that inhibited the replication of the virus by more than 80%, preserving the viability of the cell. These drugs were also found to be able to inhibit the replication of other coronaviruses, namely the HCoV-229E and the SARS-CoV. The off-label use of these drugs, particularly when used in combination, might be able to reduce the viral load of the host, therefore halting the course of infection and allowing the building of a proper immune response by the host's immune system.[1]
Further studies will evaluate the potential benefit of the combination of 2+ of these drugs, along with interferon as well. Of the above mentioned, the two presenting as better options for more animal studies and/or off-label use, are the chloroquine and lopinavir. This potential use is due to the fact that these drugs were able to inhibit replication of the virus, in the tested cell cultures, in concentrations that are possible to be achieved in the human plasma.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 de Wilde, A. H.; Jochmans, D.; Posthuma, C. C.; Zevenhoven-Dobbe, J. C.; van Nieuwkoop, S.; Bestebroer, T. M.; van den Hoogen, B. G.; Neyts, J.; Snijder, E. J. (2014). "Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. doi:10.1128/AAC.03011-14. ISSN 0066-4804.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 de Wilde AH, Raj VS, Oudshoorn D, Bestebroer TM, van Nieuwkoop S, Limpens RW; et al. (2013). "MERS-coronavirus replication induces severe in vitro cytopathology and is strongly inhibited by cyclosporin A or interferon-α treatment". J Gen Virol. 94 (Pt 8): 1749–60. doi:10.1099/vir.0.052910-0. PMC 3749523. PMID 23620378.