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{{Metabolic syndrome}}
{{Metabolic syndrome}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]; {{RT}}


{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]
==Overview==
The diagnosis of [[metabolic syndrome]] is mostly based on physical examination and lab tests. The diagnostic criteria of different international societies also involves consideration of lab tests like [[lipid profile]] and fasting [[blood glucose]].


==Overview==
The diagnosis of [[metabolic syndrome]] is mostly based on physical examination and lab tests. The diagnostic criteria of different international societies also involves consideration of lab tests like [[lipid profile]] and [[fasting blood glucose]].
==Laboratory Findings==
==Laboratory Findings==
*  [[Blood glucose]] (fasting, post-prandial) and [[HbA1C]] ([[diabetes]])
*  [[Blood glucose]] (fasting, post-prandial) and [[HbA1C]] to assess for [[diabetes]]
*  [[Urine test]]s ([[renal dysfunction]])
Renal function tests like serum [[uric acid]] and urinary microalbumin to look for [[renal dysfunction]]. [[Hyperuricemia]] has been frequently shown to be associated with metabolic syndrome.
*  [[Lipid profile]] ([[hypertriglyceridemia]] or low [[HDL]] levels)  
*  [[Lipid profile]] - [[hypertriglyceridemia]] or low [[HDL]] levels to assess dyslipidemia.<ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Huang PL |title=A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome |journal= |volume=2 |issue=5-6 |pages=231–7 |year=2009 |pmid= |pmc=2675814 |doi=10.1242/dmm.001180 |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ |title=The metabolic syndrome |journal=Lancet |volume=365 |issue=9468 |pages=1415–28 |year=2005 |pmid= |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66378-7 |url=}}</ref>
* Additional tests like [[apolipoprotein-B100]], high-sensitivity [[CRP]] (C-reactive protein, [[homocysteine]] and fractionated LDL should be done in high risk patients with family history.)
* [[Thyroid function test]]s - as increased [[thyroid stimulating hormone]] ([[TSH]]) has been linked to a higher [[prevalence]] of metabolic syndrome
* [[Liver function test]]s
* [[Urine analysis]] may show high levels of [[uric acid]] and [[microalbuminuria]] (correlates with an [[insulin resistance|insulin resistant state]])
 
Metabolic syndrome is a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state. Additional biomarkers that are worth measuring while evaluating metabolic syndrome include:
* [[ApoB]]
* High sensitivity [[CRP]]
* [[Fibrinogen]]
* [[Homocysteine]]
 
Studies have shown that elevated levels of these proinflammatory and prothrombotic biomarkers are associated with an increased risk for [[coronary artery disease]] ([[CAD]]) and [[type II diabetes]].  Hence measurement of these markers should be considered in the setting of CAD risk assessment.


Other tests may include:
If [[PCOS]] is suspected the following lab tests should be included in the management of metabolic syndrome:
* [[Thyroid function test]]
* Serum [[testosterone]]
* [[Liver function test]] ([[Fatty liver]] especially in concurrent [[obesity]], progressing to [[non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]])
* Serum [[leutinizing hormone]]
* Serum [[uric acid]] (elevated uric acids)
* Serum [[FSH]]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
[[Category:Metabolic disorders]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Syndromes]]
[[Category:Disease]]

Latest revision as of 14:04, 17 October 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]

Overview

The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is mostly based on physical examination and lab tests. The diagnostic criteria of different international societies also involves consideration of lab tests like lipid profile and fasting blood glucose.

Laboratory Findings

Metabolic syndrome is a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state. Additional biomarkers that are worth measuring while evaluating metabolic syndrome include:

Studies have shown that elevated levels of these proinflammatory and prothrombotic biomarkers are associated with an increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) and type II diabetes. Hence measurement of these markers should be considered in the setting of CAD risk assessment.

If PCOS is suspected the following lab tests should be included in the management of metabolic syndrome:

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Huang PL (2009). "A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome". 2 (5–6): 231–7. doi:10.1242/dmm.001180. PMC 2675814.

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