Mental retardation causes: Difference between revisions
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== | ==Overview== | ||
Possible [[causes]] for intellectual disability can be divided into [[genetic]] causes and [[environmental]] factors. | |||
[[Down syndrome]] | ==Causes== | ||
In less than 50% of individuals with [[mild]] ID, a specific cause is identified, and it increases to 75% in those with [[severe]] ID. <ref name="MoeschlerShevell2014">{{cite journal|last1=Moeschler|first1=J. B.|last2=Shevell|first2=M.|title=Comprehensive Evaluation of the Child With Intellectual Disability or Global Developmental Delays|journal=PEDIATRICS|volume=134|issue=3|year=2014|pages=e903–e918|issn=0031-4005|doi=10.1542/peds.2014-1839}}</ref> | |||
===Genetics=== | |||
[[Down syndrome]] [[(Trisomy 21)]] is the most common [[genetic]] [[cause]] of ID, while [[Fragile X]] is the most common [[inherited]] [[cause]] of ID. | |||
<ref name="MoeschlerShevell2014">{{cite journal|last1=Moeschler|first1=J. B.|last2=Shevell|first2=M.|title=Comprehensive Evaluation of the Child With Intellectual Disability or Global Developmental Delays|journal=PEDIATRICS|volume=134|issue=3|year=2014|pages=e903–e918|issn=0031-4005|doi=10.1542/peds.2014-1839}}</ref> | |||
===Environmental Factors=== | |||
[[Alcohol]] [[exposure]] during [[pregnancy]], [[lead]] and other [[heavy metals]], [[iodine deficiency]], [[brain infections]], [[congenital rubella syndrome]], and [[cytomegalovirus infections]], as well as [[hypoxic-ischemic injury]], and [[periventricular hemorrhages]] all cause [[brain injury]] resulting in [[disability]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A163146&dswid=-7424 |title=Intellectual Disability and Mental Health Problems : Evaluation of Two Clinical Assessment Instruments, Occurrence of Mental Health Problems and Psychiatric Care Utilisation |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
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[[Category:Psychiatry]] | [[Category:Psychiatry]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 03:11, 20 July 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chelsea Mae Nobleza, M.D.[2]
Overview
Possible causes for intellectual disability can be divided into genetic causes and environmental factors.
Causes
In less than 50% of individuals with mild ID, a specific cause is identified, and it increases to 75% in those with severe ID. [1]
Genetics
Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) is the most common genetic cause of ID, while Fragile X is the most common inherited cause of ID. [1]
Environmental Factors
Alcohol exposure during pregnancy, lead and other heavy metals, iodine deficiency, brain infections, congenital rubella syndrome, and cytomegalovirus infections, as well as hypoxic-ischemic injury, and periventricular hemorrhages all cause brain injury resulting in disability. [2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Moeschler, J. B.; Shevell, M. (2014). "Comprehensive Evaluation of the Child With Intellectual Disability or Global Developmental Delays". PEDIATRICS. 134 (3): e903–e918. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1839. ISSN 0031-4005.
- ↑ "Intellectual Disability and Mental Health Problems : Evaluation of Two Clinical Assessment Instruments, Occurrence of Mental Health Problems and Psychiatric Care Utilisation".