Medium-sized vessel vasculitis with claudication: Difference between revisions

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<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:'''
<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:'''
ABG= [[Arterial blood gas]], ANA= [[Antinuclear antibody]], ANP= [[Atrial natriuretic peptide]], ASO= [[Antistreptolysin O|Antistreptolysin O antibody]], BNP= [[Brain natriuretic peptide]], CBC= [[Complete blood count]], COPD= [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], CRP= [[C-reactive protein]], CT= [[Computed tomography]], CXR= [[Chest X-ray]], DVT= [[Deep vein thrombosis]], ESR= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], HRCT= [[High Resolution CT]], IgE= [[Immunoglobulin E]], LDH= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], PCWP= [[Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure]], PCR= [[Polymerase chain reaction]], PFT= [[Pulmonary function test]].</span>
ABG= [[Arterial blood gas]], ANA= [[Antinuclear antibody]], ANP= [[Atrial natriuretic peptide]], ASO= [[Antistreptolysin O|Antistreptolysin O antibody]], BNP= [[Brain natriuretic peptide]], CBC= [[Complete blood count]], COPD= [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], CRP= [[C-reactive protein]], CT= [[Computed tomography]], CXR= [[Chest X-ray]], DVT= [[Deep vein thrombosis]], ESR= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], HRCT= [[High Resolution CT]], IgE= [[Immunoglobulin E]], LDH= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], PCWP= [[Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure]], PCR= [[Polymerase chain reaction]], PFT= [[Pulmonary function test]].</span>
 
<small>
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diseases
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diseases
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! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
|-
|-
! rowspan="18" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Medium-Vessel Vasculitis
! rowspan="8" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Medium-Vessel Vasculitis
! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<ref name="pmid25770638">{{cite journal| author=Howard T, Ahmad K, Swanson JA, Misra S| title=Polyarteritis nodosa. | journal=Tech Vasc Interv Radiol | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 4 | pages= 247-51 | pmid=25770638 | doi=10.1053/j.tvir.2014.11.005 | pmc=4363102 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25770638  }}</ref>
! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<ref name="pmid25770638">{{cite journal| author=Howard T, Ahmad K, Swanson JA, Misra S| title=Polyarteritis nodosa. | journal=Tech Vasc Interv Radiol | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 4 | pages= 247-51 | pmid=25770638 | doi=10.1053/j.tvir.2014.11.005 | pmc=4363102 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25770638  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
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! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Diarrhea]], [[Vomiting]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Diarrhea]], [[Vomiting]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="10" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infectious disease]]
! rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infectious disease]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19 infection]]<ref name="pmid12097253">{{cite journal| author=Heegaard ED, Brown KE| title=Human parvovirus B19. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2002 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= 485-505 | pmid=12097253 | doi= | pmc=118081 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12097253  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19|B19]] [[DNA]], ↓[[Reticulocyte count]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anemia]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |anti–[[parvovirus B19]] [[IgM]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hydrops]] in fetal [[ultrasonography]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19|B19]] [[DNA]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Purpura|Purpuric rash]], [[Erythema multiforme]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Scarlet fever]]<ref name="pmid29081840">{{cite journal| author=Basetti S, Hodgson J, Rawson TM, Majeed A| title=Scarlet fever: a guide for general practitioners. | journal=London J Prim Care (Abingdon) | year= 2017 | volume= 9 | issue= 5 | pages= 77-79 | pmid=29081840 | doi=10.1080/17571472.2017.1365677 | pmc=5649319 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29081840  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Antistreptococcal antibodies|Antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titers]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[CRP]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Thickened [[pulmonary]] markings if [[pneumonia]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sparse [[Neutropenia|neutrophilic]] [[Perivascular cell|perivascular infiltrate]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |History and [[physical examination]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sand-paper rashes, [[Sore throat]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Toxic shock syndrome]]<ref name="pmid22180682">{{cite journal| author=Vostral SL| title=Rely and Toxic Shock Syndrome: a technological health crisis. | journal=Yale J Biol Med | year= 2011 | volume= 84 | issue= 4 | pages= 447-59 | pmid=22180682 | doi= | pmc=3238331 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22180682  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Procalcitonin]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] with [[left shift]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Myoglobinuria]], [[Pyuria|Sterile pyuria]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrosis|Necrolysis]] of [[keratinocytes]] in [[epidermis]],  Perivascular [[lymphocytic]] infiltrate
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Clinical criteria
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Peeling or [[rashes]], Organ dysfunction
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mononucleosis]]<ref name="pmid25774295">{{cite journal| author=Balfour HH, Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA| title=Infectious mononucleosis. | journal=Clin Transl Immunology | year= 2015 | volume= 4 | issue= 2 | pages= e33 | pmid=25774295 | doi=10.1038/cti.2015.1 | pmc=4346501 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25774295  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]] [[DNA]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Atypical lymphocyte]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Heterophile antibody test|Heterophile antibodies]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[CNS Disease|CNS involvement]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Splenomegaly]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Encephalitis]] in [[MRI]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lymphoproliferative response]] in [[oropharynx]], [[Lymphocytic|Lymphocytic infiltration]] in [[spleen]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Heterophile antibody test]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Splenomegaly]], [[Palatal]] [[petechiae]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Leptospirosis]]<ref name="pmid11292640">{{cite journal |vauthors=Levett PN |title=Leptospirosis |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=296–326 |date=April 2001 |pmid=11292640 |pmc=88975 |doi=10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001 |url=}}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Leptospirosis]]<ref name="pmid11292640">{{cite journal |vauthors=Levett PN |title=Leptospirosis |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=296–326 |date=April 2001 |pmid=11292640 |pmc=88975 |doi=10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001 |url=}}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
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! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythema migrans]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythema migrans]]
|-
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Measles]]<ref name="pmid22510638">{{cite journal| author=White SJ, Boldt KL, Holditch SJ, Poland GA, Jacobson RM| title=Measles, mumps, and rubella. | journal=Clin Obstet Gynecol | year= 2012 | volume= 55 | issue= 2 | pages= 550-9 | pmid=22510638 | doi=10.1097/GRF.0b013e31824df256 | pmc=3334858 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22510638  }}</ref>
! rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cardiovascular disease]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Measles]] [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Lymphocytosis]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pneumonia]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Chest X-ray|CXR]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Spongiosis and vesiculation in the [[epidermis]] with scattered dyskeratotic [[keratinocytes]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[PCR]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rash|Generalized rash]], [[Cough]], [[Coryza]], or [[Conjunctivitis]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever]]<ref name="pmid2504480">{{cite journal| author=Walker DH| title=Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a disease in need of microbiological concern. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 1989 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 227-40 | pmid=2504480 | doi= | pmc=358117 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2504480  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |''[[Rickettsia rickettsii infection|R rickettsii]]'' [[serology]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Anemia]] 
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Hyponatremia]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Infarction]], [[edema]], and [[meningeal]] enhancement
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Myocardial]] or conduction abnormalities in [[echocardiography]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Immunofluorescent]] or [[immunoperoxidase]] staining of ''[[Rickettsia rickettsii infection|R rickettsii]]''
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Clinical criteria and [[tick]] exposure
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Rash on the [[Palms of the hands|palms]] and [[soles]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome|Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome]]<ref name="pmid27651848">{{cite journal| author=Mishra AK, Yadav P, Mishra A| title=A Systemic Review on Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A Rare and Critical Disease of Neonates. | journal=Open Microbiol J | year= 2016 | volume= 10 | issue=  | pages= 150-9 | pmid=27651848 | doi=10.2174/1874285801610010150 | pmc=5012080 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27651848  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Anti exfoliatin and [[Alpha toxin|anti alpha-toxin antibodies]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] with [[left shift]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Blood culture]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pneumonia]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epidermal bullosa simplex|Intraepidermal blister]], dense superficial perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate 
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Blood culture]] and clinical findings
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythroderma|'''Widespread''' skin erythema]], [[Blisters|fluid-filled '''blisters''']]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis]]<ref name="pmid27239294">{{cite journal| author=Hoetzenecker W, Mehra T, Saulite I, Glatz M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Guenova E et al.| title=Toxic epidermal necrolysis. | journal=F1000Res | year= 2016 | volume= 5 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=27239294 | doi=10.12688/f1000research.7574.1 | pmc=4879934 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27239294  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[MicroRNA|MicroRNA-124]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia|Normochromic normocytic anemia]], [[Eosinophilia]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Fluid loss]] and [[electrolyte abnormalities]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Tracheobronchial]] [[inflammation]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrotic]] [[keratinocytes]] with full-thickness [[epithelial]] [[necrosis]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Histopathology]] and clinical findings
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythematous rash|Erythematous macular rash]] with [[purpuric]] centers
|-
! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cardiovascular disease]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Atrial Myxoma]]<ref name="pmid8407260">{{cite journal |vauthors=MacGowan SW, Sidhu P, Aherne T, Luke D, Wood AE, Neligan MC, McGovern E |title=Atrial myxoma: national incidence, diagnosis and surgical management |journal=Ir J Med Sci |volume=162 |issue=6 |pages=223–6 |date=June 1993 |pmid=8407260 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Calretinin]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Mild [[anemia]], [[Leukocytosis]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[Interleukin 6|IL-6]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Atrial]] filling defect larger than a [[thrombus]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Tumor]] location, size, attachment, and mobility in [[echocardiography]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Size, shape, and surface characteristics in [[MRI]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lipid|Lipidic]] cells embedded in a [[vascular]] myxoid stroma
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Echocardiography]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Dyspnea on exertion]], [[Syncope]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cholesterol Embolism]]<ref name="pmid21886725">{{cite journal| author=Avci G, Akoz T, Gul AE| title=Cutaneous cholesterol embolization. | journal=J Dermatol Case Rep | year= 2009 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 27-9 | pmid=21886725 | doi=10.3315/jdcr.2009.1031 | pmc=3157794 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21886725  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cholesterol Embolism]]<ref name="pmid21886725">{{cite journal| author=Avci G, Akoz T, Gul AE| title=Cutaneous cholesterol embolization. | journal=J Dermatol Case Rep | year= 2009 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 27-9 | pmid=21886725 | doi=10.3315/jdcr.2009.1031 | pmc=3157794 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21886725  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
Line 380: Line 191:
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hematuria]], [[Ischemic colitis]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hematuria]], [[Ischemic colitis]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Systemic disease]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Systemic disease]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Antiphospholipid syndrome|Antiphospholipid Syndrome]]<ref name="pmid26637701">{{cite journal| author=Chaturvedi S, McCrae KR| title=The antiphospholipid syndrome: still an enigma. | journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages= 53-60 | pmid=26637701 | doi=10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.53 | pmc=4877624 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26637701  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Antiphospholipid antibodies]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Hemolytic anemia]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lupus anticoagulant|Lupus anticoagulant (LA)]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Stroke]],
 
[[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombus]] in major [[vessels]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Valve thickening, vegetations, or  insufficiency in [[echocardiography]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Noninflammatory bland [[thrombosis]] without perivascular [[inflammation]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Hx of [[thrombosis]] and [[antiphospholipid antibodies]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Miscarriage]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis]]<ref name="pmid22753788">{{cite journal |vauthors=Espinosa M, Gottlieb BS |title=Juvenile idiopathic arthritis |journal=Pediatr Rev |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=303–13 |date=July 2012 |pmid=22753788 |doi=10.1542/pir.33-7-303 |url=}}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis]]<ref name="pmid22753788">{{cite journal |vauthors=Espinosa M, Gottlieb BS |title=Juvenile idiopathic arthritis |journal=Pediatr Rev |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=303–13 |date=July 2012 |pmid=22753788 |doi=10.1542/pir.33-7-303 |url=}}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
Line 426: Line 214:
|-
|-
|}
|}
 
</small>
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Revision as of 17:09, 9 April 2018


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Abbreviations: ABG= Arterial blood gas, ANA= Antinuclear antibody, ANP= Atrial natriuretic peptide, ASO= Antistreptolysin O antibody, BNP= Brain natriuretic peptide, CBC= Complete blood count, COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP= C-reactive protein, CT= Computed tomography, CXR= Chest X-ray, DVT= Deep vein thrombosis, ESR= Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HRCT= High Resolution CT, IgE= Immunoglobulin E, LDH= Lactate dehydrogenase, PCWP= Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PCR= Polymerase chain reaction, PFT= Pulmonary function test.

Diseases Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Imaging Histopathology
Headache Fever Weight loss Arthralgia Claudication Bruit HTN Focal neurological disorder Biomarker CBC ESR Other CT scan Angiography Ultrasound/ Echocardiography Other
Medium-Vessel Vasculitis Polyarteritis nodosa[1] + + + + + + +/- +/- LAMP-2 protein autoantibodies Leukocytosis, Normochromic anemia, Thrombocytosis ↑ ↑ Cr or BUN,

↑ ALT or AST, Proteinuria

Focal regions of infarction or hemorrhage Multiple microaneurysms, Hemorrhage due to focal rupture, Occlusion Aneurysms and renal arteriovenous fistula in color Doppler sonography - Necrotizing inflammatory lesions Angiography Sudden weight loss, Abdominal pain
Hepatitis B virus-associated polyarteritis nodosa[2] +/- +/- + + +/- +/- + - HBsAg Leukocytosis, Normochromic anemia, Thrombocytosis ↑ ↑ ALT or AST Focal regions of infarction or hemorrhage Microaneurysms in mesenteric artery Aneurysms and renal arteriovenous fistula in color Doppler sonography - Necrotizing inflammatory lesions Angiography Peripheral neuropathy, Livedo reticularis
Kawasaki disease[3] - + +/- + + - +/- - NT-proBNP, Meprin A, Filamin C Normochromic anemia, ↑WBC with a left shift, Thrombocytosis  ↑ Acute-phase reactants, ↓Cholesterol, ↓HDL, ↓ApolipoA Coronary artery calcifications Coronary artery aneurysms, stenosis or occlusion Coronary artery anomaly in echocardiography Electron beam CT (EBCT) Acute destruction of the media by neutrophils, with loss of elastic fibers History and physical examination Diarrhea, Vomiting
Infectious disease Leptospirosis[4] + + + + +/- - - - IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 Anemia - ↑Cr or BUN,

↑ALT or AST, Proteinuria

 Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage - - - Toxin-mediated break down of endothelial cell membranes of capillaries Culture and the microscopic agglutination test Red eyes, Skin rash
Lyme Disease[5] +/- + +/- + +/- - - - CXCL9 (MIG), CXCL10 (IP-10) and CCL19 (MIP3B) Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia - Microscopic hematuria, Proteinuria, ↑ALT or AST Punctate lesions in periventricular white matter in brain SPECT - - - Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans Serologic tests Erythema migrans
Cardiovascular disease Cholesterol Embolism[6] +/- +/- - - + - - + IL-5 Eosinophilia, Leukocytosis   ↑ Eosinophiluria Thoracic and abdominal aortic sources of embolism Atheroembolism in abdominal aorta and the lower extremity arteries Excluding an intracardiac source of embolism with echocardiography  - Birefringent crystals or biconvex needle-shaped ghostly clefts within the arterial lumen Angiography  Livedo reticularis,

Ischemic patches

Segmental arterial mediolysis[7] + - - - + + + +/- - Leukocytosis - - Visceral artery aneurysm in CT angiography Alternating aneurysms and stenoses (beading) Retroperitoneal hematoma - Disruption of the smooth muscle in the media Angiography  Hematuria, Ischemic colitis
Systemic disease Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis[8] - - - + +/- - - - Rheumatoid factor (RF), S100A12 Lymphocytosis, Thrombocytopenia ↑ Myeloid-related proteins 8/14 (MRP8/14) Synovial hypertrophy, Joint effusions Cerebral vasculitis Inflamed synovium Bone scanning Vascular congestion, RBC extravasation, Venular lumen occlusion Conventional radiography Evanescent rash, Dactylitis 

References

  1. ↑ Howard T, Ahmad K, Swanson JA, Misra S (2014). "Polyarteritis nodosa". Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 17 (4): 247–51. doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2014.11.005. PMC 4363102. PMID 25770638.
  2. ↑ Sharma A, Sharma K (September 2013). "Hepatotropic viral infection associated systemic vasculitides-hepatitis B virus associated polyarteritis nodosa and hepatitis C virus associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis". J Clin Exp Hepatol. 3 (3): 204–12. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2013.06.001. PMC 4216827. PMID 25755502.
  3. ↑ Takahashi K, Oharaseki T, Yokouchi Y (2011). "Pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease". Clin Exp Immunol. 164 Suppl 1: 20–2. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04361.x. PMC 3095860. PMID 21447126.
  4. ↑ Levett PN (April 2001). "Leptospirosis". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 14 (2): 296–326. doi:10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001. PMC 88975. PMID 11292640.
  5. ↑ Biesiada G, Czepiel J, Leśniak MR, Garlicki A, Mach T (2012). "Lyme disease: review". Arch Med Sci. 8 (6): 978–82. doi:10.5114/aoms.2012.30948. PMC 3542482. PMID 23319969.
  6. ↑ Avci G, Akoz T, Gul AE (2009). "Cutaneous cholesterol embolization". J Dermatol Case Rep. 3 (2): 27–9. doi:10.3315/jdcr.2009.1031. PMC 3157794. PMID 21886725.
  7. ↑ Chao, Christine (2009). "Segmental Arterial Mediolysis". Seminars in Interventional Radiology. 26 (03): 224–232. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1225666. ISSN 0739-9529.
  8. ↑ Espinosa M, Gottlieb BS (July 2012). "Juvenile idiopathic arthritis". Pediatr Rev. 33 (7): 303–13. doi:10.1542/pir.33-7-303. PMID 22753788.

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