Hyporeflexia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [2]

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Stroke
Chemical / poisoning	Aftershave, barium sulfate, selenious acid, cone shell poisoning, erythrokeratodermia ataxia, eucalyptus oil poisoning, licorice, herbal agent overdose cleistanthus collinus, opioid intoxication, oriental hornet poisoning , snakebites, sea snake poisoning , white chameleon poisoning
Dermatologic	Vitamin E deficiency
Drug Side Effect	All-trans retinoic acid, cevimeline, clonidine, fluphenazine, imidazoline, lamotrigine, vincristine,lorazepam, nelarabine, oxazepam, oxcarbazepine, perphenazine, phenothiazine, prochlorperazine, saquinavir, thioridazine, tiagabine, trifluoperazine, venlafaxine, vigabatrin, zaleplon
Ear Nose Throat	ARTS syndrome
Endocrine	Hypokalemic thyrotoxic periodic paralysis
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Chylomicron retention disease
Genetic	Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, leigh's disease, lower motor neuron lesion, marinesco-Sjogren syndrome, NADH CoQ reductase deficiency, McLeod phenotype, mental retardation, x-linked, 94, miller fisher syndrome, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block, navajo neurohepatopathy, infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease, distal hereditary motor type VII, non-ketotic hyperglycemia, Pena-shokeir syndrome type 2, progressive external opthhalmoplegia, autosomal dominant, 1, Roussy-levy syndrome, Smith-Magenis syndrome, Southwestern athabaskan genetic diseases, spastic tetraplegic -- cerebral palsy, spinal bulbar motor neuropathy, spinal muscular atrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia
Hematologic	Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Lyme disease, quaternary syphilis, tabes dorsalis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Adducted thumb syndrome recessive form, arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy, becker muscular dystrophy, benign congenital hypotonia, brown-Sequard syndrome, bulimia nervosa, CAMFAK syndrome, cauda equina syndrome, cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal syndrome, charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2, cockayne syndrome, complex 1 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency, congenital myopathy, conus medullaris syndrome, distal hereditary motor type VII, Down's syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Dykes-Markes-Harper syndrome, emerinopathy, Erb-goldflam, Fazio Londe syndrome , Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Holmes-Adie syndrome, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, hypokalemic periodic paralysis, hypokalemic thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, lower motor neuron lesion, muscular dystrophy, multifocal muscular fibrosis, nervous system injuries due to penetrating neck injury, Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease, paramyotonia congenita, penetrating neck injuries, peripheral nerve and muscle disease, polymyositis, progressive external opthhalmoplegia, rommen-mueller-sybert syndrome, scapuloperoneal amyotrophy, schwartz-jampel syndrome, Smith-Magenis syndrome, spinal cord compression, spinal muscular atrophy, transverse myelitis, Treft-sanborn-carey syndrome, Zellweger syndrome
Neurologic	Acute weakness in the emergency department, ARTS syndrome, Brown-sequard syndrome, Bulimia nervosa, CAMFAK syndrome,Cauda equina syndrome, central cord syndromes, cerebellar stroke syndrome, Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal syndrome, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2, coloboma chorioretinal cerebellar vermis aplasia, conus medullaris syndrome , dorsal cord syndrome, Down's syndrome, Friedreich ataxia, folate deficiency, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, hypertrophic neuropathy of dejerine-sottas, infantile axonal neuropathy,Krabbe disease,Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome,neuroacanthocytosis, Miller fisher syndrome, muscular dystrophy, navajo neurohepatopathy, nervous system injuries due to penetrating neck injury, paramyotonia congenita, peripheral nerve and muscle disease, spinal muscular atrophy, pure motor lacunar syndrome, quaternary syphilis, rommen-mueller-sybert syndrome, segmental syndrome, spinal cord compression, spinocerebellar ataxia, stroke, transverse myelitis, vitamin E deficiency, ventral cord syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic	3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 4, congenital disorder of glycosylation, cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, folate deficiency, hypermagnesaemia, hypokalemia, hypokalemic periodic paralysis, Krabbe disease, Leigh syndrome, Mcleod phenotype, NADH CoQ reductase deficiency, mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency, navajo neurohepatopathy, non-ketotic hyperglycemia, Pena-shokeir syndrome type 2, tabes dorsalis, vitamin E deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal syndrome, Coloboma chorioretinal cerebellar vermis aplasia, Schwartz-jampel syndrome, Treft-sanborn-carey syndrome, Zellweger syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	Bartter syndrome, neuroaxonal dystrophy renal tubular acidosis,
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Chediak-Higashi Syndrome, multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block, severe combined immunodeficiency
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	Conus medullaris syndrome
Miscellaneous	Hypothermia, stroke

Causes in Alphabetical Order

3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 4

[Acute weakness in the emergency department

Adducted thumb syndrome recessive form

Adducted thumbs -- arthrogryposis, christian type

Alagille syndrome

All-trans retinoic acid

Arima syndrome

Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy

Arts syndrome

Ataxia with vitamin e deficiency

Athabaskan severe combined immunodeficiency

Bartter syndrome type 4

Bartter syndrome type 4a

Bartter syndrome type 4b

Becker muscular dystrophy

Benign congenital hypotonia

Boylan-dew-greco syndrome

Brown-sequard (hemi-cord) syndrome

Bulimia nervosa

Camfak syndrome

Cataract -- ataxia -- deafness

Cauda equina syndrome

Congenital disorder of glycosylation type I

Central cord syndromes

Cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy and sensorinural hearing loss

Cerebellar syndrome

Cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome

Cevimeline

Charcot-marie-tooth disease, type 2

Charcot-marie-tooth disease, type 2i

Charcot-marie-tooth disease, type 2l

Charcot-marie-tooth disease, x-linked

Chediak-higashi like syndrome

Chemical poisoning -- aftershave

Chemical poisoning -- barium

Chemical poisoning -- selenious acid

Choreoacanthocytosis amyotrophic

Chromosome 10, trisomy 10pter p13

Chylomicron retention disease

Clonidine

Cockayne syndrome type 1

Coenzyme q cytochrome c reductase deficiency of

Cofs syndrome

Coloboma chorioretinal cerebellar vermis aplasia

Complex 1 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency

Cone shell poisoning

Congenital myopathy

Conus medullaris syndrome

Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency

Cytochrome c oxydase deficiency, french-canadian type

Decreased folate

Decreased reflex response

Developmental delay -- hypotonia extremities hypertrophy

Dorsal (posterior) cord syndrome

Down's syndrome-like hypotonia

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Dykes-markes-harper syndrome

Emerinopathy

Erb-goldflam

Erythrokeratodermia ataxia

Eucalyptus oil poisoning

Familial isolated deficiency of vitamin e

Fazio-londe syndrome

Fluphenazine

Friedreich ataxia

Gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker syndrome

Griscelli disease

Griscelli syndrome type ii

Guillain-barré syndrome

Herbal agent adverse reaction -- licorice

Herbal agent overdose -- cleistanthus collinus

Holmes-adie syndrome

Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

Hypermagnesaemia

Hypertrophic neuropathy of dejerine-sottas

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis

Hypomyelination neuropathy -- arthrogryposis

Hypothermia

Imidazoline

Infantile axonal neuropathy

Insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis

King cobra poisoning

Krabbe disease, atypical, due to saposin a deficiency

Lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome

Lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome

Lamotrigine

Leigh syndrome

Leigh syndrome, french canadian type

Liposomal vincristine

Lorazepam

Lower motor neuron lesion

Lyme disease

Marinesco-sjogren syndrome

Maternally inherited leigh syndrome

Mcleod phenotype

Mental retardation, x-linked, 94

Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, recessive type

Microcephaly -- mental retardation -- retinopathy

Microlissencephaly -- micromelia

Miller fisher syndrome

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy -- aminoacidopathy

Multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block

Muscular dystrophy -- white matter spongiosis

Muscular fibrosis, multifocal -- obstructed vessels

Nadh coq reductase, deficiency of

Navajo neurohepatopathy

Nelarabine

Nervous system injuries due to penetrating neck injury

Neuroaxonal dystrophy -- renal tubular acidosis

Neuroaxonal dystrophy, infantile

Neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease

Neuropathy, distal hereditary motor, type viia

Neuropathy, hereditary sensory, type iv

Non-ketotic hyperglycemia

Opioid intoxication

Oriental hornet poisoning

Oxazepam

Oxcarbazepine

Paramyotonia congenita

Pena-shokeir syndrome type 2

Penetrating neck injuries

Peripheral nerve and muscle disease

Perphenazine

Pharyngeal-cervical-brachial weakness

Phenothiazine antenatal infection

Polymyositis

Potassium deficiency

Prochlorperazine

Progressive external opthhalmoplegia, autosomal dominant, 1

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy

Pure motor syndrome

Quaternary syphilis

Rommen-mueller-sybert syndrome

Roussy-levy syndrome

Saquinavir

Scapuloperoneal amyotrophy

Schwartz-jampel syndrome

Sea snake poisoning

Segmental syndrome

Skeletal dysplasia -- mental retardation

Smith-magenis syndrome

Southwestern athabaskan genetic diseases

Spastic tetraplegic -- cerebral palsy

Spinal bulbar motor neuropathy

Spinal cord inflammation or compression

Spinal muscular atrophy type 4

Spinocerebellar ataxia

Spinocerebellar ataxia 22

Spinocerebellar ataxia 25

Spinocerebellar ataxia grade 2

Spinocerebellar ataxia-dysmorphism syndrome

Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal dominant

Stroke

Tabes dorsalis

Tang hsi ryu syndrome

Thiolase deficiency

Thioridazine

Thoracic dysplasia -- hydrocephalus syndrome

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis

Tiagabine

Transverse myelitis

Treft-sanborn-carey syndrome

Trifluoperazine

Venlafaxine

Ventral (anterior) cord syndrome

Vigabatrin

Vitamin e deficiency

White chameleon poisoning

Zaleplon

Zellweger spectrum

Zellweger-like syndrome, without peroxisomal anomalies

References

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