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=== Risk factors of hypoglycemia include: === | === Risk factors of hypoglycemia include: === | ||
* Insulin or insulin secretagogue doses are excessive, ill-timed, or of the wrong type. | |||
* Exogenous glucose delivery is decreased (''e.g.'' after missed meals and during the overnight fast). | |||
* Glucose utilization is increased (''e.g.'' during exercise). | |||
* Endogenous glucose production is decreased (''e.g.'' after alcohol ingestion). | |||
* Sensitivity to insulin is increased (''e.g.'' after weight loss, an increase in regular exercise or improved glycemic control, and in | |||
* the middle of the night). | |||
* Insulin clearance is decreased (''e.g.'' with renal failure). | |||
the middle of the night). | |||
=== Risk factors for hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure === | === Risk factors for hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure === | ||
There are three defences against hypoglycemia; decrease of insulin. increase of glucagon and increase of epinephrine. Failure of any of these defenses increase chances of hypoglycemia. This occurs rapidly in type 1 diabetes and more gradually in type 2 diabetes. | There are three defences against hypoglycemia; decrease of insulin. increase of glucagon and increase of epinephrine. Failure of any of these defenses increase chances of hypoglycemia. This occurs rapidly in type 1 diabetes and more gradually in type 2 diabetes.<ref name="pmid19033403">{{cite journal| author=Cryer PE| title=The barrier of hypoglycemia in diabetes. | journal=Diabetes | year= 2008 | volume= 57 | issue= 12 | pages= 3169-76 | pmid=19033403 | doi=10.2337/db08-1084 | pmc=2584119 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19033403 }}</ref> | ||
* Absolute endogenous insulin deficiency. | |||
* A history of severe hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia unawareness, or both. | |||
* Aggressive glycemic therapy (lower HbA1C levels, lower glycemic goals). | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 14:26, 19 July 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Hypoglycemia is relatively common in people with diabetes.
Risk Factors
Risk factors of hypoglycemia include:
- Insulin or insulin secretagogue doses are excessive, ill-timed, or of the wrong type.
- Exogenous glucose delivery is decreased (e.g. after missed meals and during the overnight fast).
- Glucose utilization is increased (e.g. during exercise).
- Endogenous glucose production is decreased (e.g. after alcohol ingestion).
- Sensitivity to insulin is increased (e.g. after weight loss, an increase in regular exercise or improved glycemic control, and in
- the middle of the night).
- Insulin clearance is decreased (e.g. with renal failure).
Risk factors for hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure
There are three defences against hypoglycemia; decrease of insulin. increase of glucagon and increase of epinephrine. Failure of any of these defenses increase chances of hypoglycemia. This occurs rapidly in type 1 diabetes and more gradually in type 2 diabetes.[1]
- Absolute endogenous insulin deficiency.
- A history of severe hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia unawareness, or both.
- Aggressive glycemic therapy (lower HbA1C levels, lower glycemic goals).
References
- ↑ Cryer PE (2008). "The barrier of hypoglycemia in diabetes". Diabetes. 57 (12): 3169–76. doi:10.2337/db08-1084. PMC 2584119. PMID 19033403.