Hyperkalemia: Difference between revisions


Hyperkalemia
potassium
ICD-10	E87.5
ICD-9	276.7
DiseasesDB	6242
MeSH	D006947


Hyperkalemia Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Pathophysiology

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Differential diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Diagnosis

Lab tests

Electrocardiogram

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Template:Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic pathology

v t e Electrocardiography
Overview	History of the EKG • EKG interpretation basics • Normal sinus rhythm
EKG Complexes	P wave • QRS complex • ST Segment • T wave • T wave alternans • Tombstone T wave • U wave Osborn wave • H wave • K wave • Delta wave NSSTW changes
EKG Intervals	PR Interval • QRS Interval • ST Interval • QT Interval
Conduction System & Bradycardia	Cardiac pacemaker • SA node • AV node• Bundle of His • Purkinje fibers • Sinus bradycardia • First Degree AV Block • Second Degree AV Block • Complete or Third-Degree AV Block • Concealed conduction • AV Junctional Rhythms • LBBB • LAHB • LPHB • RBBB • Trifascicular block
Atrial Arrhythmias	Sinus tachycardia • Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs) • Ectopic Atrial Rhythm • Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) • Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) with Block • Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT) • Atrial Flutter • Atrial Fibrillation • Wandering atrial pacemaker
Ventricular Arrhythmias	Differential Diagnosis of Tachycardia with a Wide QRS Complex • Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm • Ventricular Parasystole • Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) • Ventricular tachycardia • Ventricular Fibrillation • Sudden cardiac death
EKG Abnormalities in Disease States	Hypertrophy & Dilatation • Right atrial enlargement • Left atrial enlargement • Biatrial enlargement • Left Ventricular Hypertrophy • Right Ventricular Hypertrophy • Biventricular Hypertrophy • Acute myocardial infarction • NSTEMI • STEMI • Tombstone ST elevation • Right ventricular myocardial infarction • Atrial infarction Pre-excitation Syndromes • Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome • Lown Ganong Levine Syndrome • Mahaim Type Preexcitation Cardiomyopathies • Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia • Dilated Cardiomyopathy • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Drug Effects on the EKG • Adenosine • β-blockers • Digitalis • Quinidine • Procainamide • Disopyramide • Lidocaine • Tocainide and Mexiletine • Phenytoin • Encainide, Flecainide and Propafenone • Amiodarone • Bretylium • Ca Channel Blockers • Phenothiazines • Tricyclic Antidepressants • Lithium Congenital Heart Disease • Dextrocardia • Atrial Septal Defect • Ventricular Septal Defect • Tetralogy of Fallot • Conjoined Twins or Siamese Twins • Congenital heart block Electrolyte Disturbances • Hyperkalemia • Hypokalemia • Hypercalcemia • Hypocalcemia • Nonspecific Changes Other Heart Diseases • Pericarditis • Myocarditis • Tamponade • Heart Transplantation • Sick Sinus Syndrome • Long QT Syndrome Inherited Disease • Brugada Syndrome Systemic Diseases • CNS Disease • Cardiac Tumors Heart Transplantation • EKG Changes in patient with Heart Transplantation Exogenous Effects • Hypothermia • Chest Trauma • Insect Bites • Electric Injuries
Technical Issues and Potential Errors in Interpretation	Artifacts • Lead Placement Errors • The EKG in a Patient with a Pacemaker • EKG in athletes

de:Hyperkaliämie et:Hüperkaleemia

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 ==[[Hyperkalemia history and symptoms | History and Symptoms ]]==
-==Diagnosis==
+==[[Hyperkalemia diagnosis | Diagnosis]]==
-In order to gather enough information for diagnosis, the measurement of potassium needs to be repeated, as the elevation can be due to [[hemolysis]] in the first sample. Generally, blood tests for [[renal function]] ([[creatinine]], [[blood urea nitrogen]]), [[glucose]] and occasionally [[creatine kinase]] and [[cortisol]] will be performed.  Calculating the [[trans-tubular potassium gradient]] can sometimes help in distinguishing the cause of the hyperkalemia.
-In many cases, [[medical ultrasonography|renal ultrasound]] will be performed, since hyperkalemia is highly suggestive of renal failure.
-Also, [[electrocardiography]] (EKG/ECG) may be performed to determine if there is a significant risk of cardiac [[arrhythmias]] (see [[#ECG/EKG Findings|ECG/EKG Findings]], below).
 ==[[Hyperkalemia lab tests | Lab tests]]==

Hyperkalemia: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 03:43, 26 November 2011

Contents

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differential diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Diagnosis

Lab tests

Electrocardiogram

Treatment

See also

References

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