Horseshoe kidney: Difference between revisions

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'''For patient information, click [[Horseshoe kidney (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Horseshoe kidney}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}


{{EH}}
'''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}
==[[Horseshoe kidney overview|Overview]]==


==Overview==
==[[Horseshoe kidney historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


'''Horseshoe kidney''' (also known as renal fusion)  is a [[congenital disorder]], affecting about 1 in 400 people,<ref name="pmid17593682">{{cite journal |author=Gupta M, Pandey AK, Goyal N |title=Horseshoe kidney--a case report |journal=Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=63–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17593682 |doi=}}</ref> in which a person's two [[kidney]]s fuse together to form a horseshoe-shape during development in the womb.
==[[Horseshoe kidney classification|Classification]]==


==Presentation==
==[[Horseshoe kidney pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


The central portion of the kidney ends up inferior to the [[inferior mesenteric artery]], since its embryological ascent is arrested by its presence. This is the most common type of fusion anomaly in the kidneys.
==[[Horseshoe kidney causes|Causes]]==


Persons affected by this disease may experience [[nausea]], [[abdominal discomfort]], [[kidney stones]] and [[urinary tract infection]]s.
==[[Horseshoe kidney differential diagnosis|Differentiating Horseshoe kidney from other Diseases]]==


==Diagnostic Findings==
==[[Horseshoe kidney epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


'''Patient #1: CT images demonstrate a horseshoe kidney'''
==[[Horseshoe kidney risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


[http://www.radswiki.net Images courtesy of RadsWiki]
==[[Horseshoe kidney natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


<gallery>
==Diagnosis==
Image:Horseshoe-kidney-001.jpg
[[Horseshoe kidney history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Horseshoe kidney physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Horseshoe kidney laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Horseshoe kidney abdominal x ray|Abdominal X Ray]] | [[Horseshoe kidney CT|CT]] | [[Horseshoe kidney MRI|MRI]] | [[Horseshoe kidney ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Horseshoe kidney other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Horseshoe kidney other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
Image:Horseshoe-kidney-002.jpg
</gallery>
 
 
<gallery>
Image:Horseshoe-kidney-003.jpg
Image:Horseshoe-kidney-004.jpg
</gallery>
 
'''Patient #2: CT images demonstrate a horseshoe kidney'''
 
[http://www.radswiki.net Images courtesy of RadsWiki]
 
<gallery>
Image:Horseshoe-kidney-101.jpg
Image:Horseshoe-kidney-102.jpg
</gallery>
 
<gallery>
Image:Horseshoe-kidney-103.jpg
Image:Horseshoe-kidney-104.jpg
</gallery>
 
==Associated conditions==
 
The presence of horseshoe kidneys in females with [[Turner Syndrome]] is about 15%.<ref name="pmid10862660">{{cite journal |author=Kleta R, Brämswig JH |title=Horseshoe kidney and Turner syndrome |journal=Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. |volume=15 |issue=7 |pages=1094 |year=2000 |pmid=10862660 |doi= |url=http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/15/7/1094-b 1}}</ref>


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
[[Horseshoe kidney medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Horseshoe kidney surgery|Surgery]] | [[Horseshoe kidney prevention|Prevention]] | [[Horseshoe kidney cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] |  [[Horseshoe kidney future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


There is not an existing cure for renal fusion.
==Case Studies==


==Complications==
[[Horseshoe kidney case study one|Case #1]]
 
==External links==
* [[Ureteropelvic junction obstruction]] (UPJ)
* Recurrent infections occur because of urine stasis and associated [[vesicoureteral reflux]].
* [[Nephrolithiasis]] related to UPJ obstruction or infection may occur.
* An increased risk of trauma to the isthmus exists because of its position anterior to the spine.
* Some evidence suggests an increased incidence of certain renal tumors in horseshoe kidney.


==External links==
* [http://goldminer.arrs.org/search.php?query=horseshoe%2kidney Goldminer: Horseshoe kidney]
* [http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/urology/hsk.html Stanford hospital article]
* [http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/urology/hsk.html Stanford hospital article]
 
* [http://www.urologyhealth.org/adult/index.cfm?cat=02&topic=121 Horseshoe kidney]
* [http://www.urologyhealth.org/adult/index.cfm?cat=02&topic=121]
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
{{SIB}}


[[Category:Congenital disorders]]
[[Category:Congenital disorders]]

Latest revision as of 14:36, 27 September 2012

Horseshoe kidney
Horseshoe kidney
ICD-10 Q63.1
ICD-9 753.3
DiseasesDB 6020

For patient information, click here

Horseshoe kidney Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Horseshoe kidney from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Abdominal X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

External links

de:Hufeisenniere fi:Hevosenkenkämunuainen sv:Hästskonjure


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