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{{Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Lynch syndrome was named in honor of Dr. Henry T. Lynch, an American physician and Professor of Medicine at Creighton University Medical Center.<ref name="pmid4069033">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lynch HT, Lynch JF |title=Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndromes I and II): a common genotype linked to oncogenes? |journal=Med. Hypotheses |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=19–28 |year=1985 |pmid=4069033 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Lynch [[syndrome]] was first described by Dr. Henry T. Lynch, an American [[physician]], in 1966.


==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==


*In 1966, Dr. Henry T. Lynch characterized Lynch syndrome for the first time.<ref name="pmid5901552">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lynch HT, Shaw MW, Magnuson CW, Larsen AL, Krush AJ | title = Hereditary factors in cancer. Study of two large midwestern kindreds | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 117 | issue = 2 | pages = 206–12 | date = Feb 1966 | pmid = 5901552 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.117.2.206 }}</ref>
*In 1913, Aldred Warthin, Chairman of the Department of [[Pathology]] at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, first reported a family which he called 'Family G' with features of the [[disease]] now known as [[Lynch syndrome]]. He recognized there were "[[cancer]] fraternities" and there was an influence of [[heredity]] on [[cancer]].<ref>{{Cite journal
*Dr. Lynch discovered hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, as the most common form of hereditary colorectal cancer.
| author = [[C. Richard Boland]] & [[Henry T. Lynch]]
*In his earlier work, he described the disease entity as "cancer family syndrome". He demonstrated the [[Mendelian inheritance]] pattern for certain breast and ovarian cancers, which laid the ground work for the identification of specific genes responsible for these familial cancers, such as [[BRCA1]] and [[BRCA2]].<ref> Henry. T Lynch.Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_T._Lynch Accessed on December 01, 2015</ref>
| title = The history of Lynch syndrome
*In 1971, Lynch and Krush updated the studies of the family, in which the disease eventually became known as hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC), also known as Lynch Syndrome.<ref name="pmid25276405">{{cite journal| author=Schlussel AT, Gagliano RA, Seto-Donlon S, Eggerding F, Donlon T, Berenberg J et al.| title=The evolution of colorectal cancer genetics-Part 1: from discovery to practice. | journal=J Gastrointest Oncol | year= 2014 | volume= 5 | issue= 5 | pages= 326-35 | pmid=25276405 | doi=10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2014.069 | pmc=PMC4173047 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25276405  }} </ref>  
| journal = [[Familial cancer]]
*The term "Lynch syndrome" was coined in 1984 by other authors; Lynch named the condition HNPCC in 1985.  Since then the two terms have been used interchangeably, until later advances in the understanding of the genetics of the disease led to the term HNPCC falling out of favor.<ref name=bellizzi>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bellizzi AM, Frankel WL | title = Colorectal cancer due to deficiency in DNA mismatch repair function: a review | journal = Advances in Anatomic Pathology | volume = 16 | issue = 6 | pages = 405–17 | date = Nov 2009 | pmid = 19851131 | doi = 10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181bb6bdc }}</ref>
| volume = 12
*Other sources reserve the term "Lynch syndrome" when there is a known [[DNA mismatch repair]] defect, and use the term "familial colorectal cancer type X" when the [[Amsterdam criteria]] are met but there is no known [[DNA]] mismatch repair defect.<ref name="pmid19793571">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lindor NM | title = Familial colorectal cancer type X: the other half of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer syndrome | journal = Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America | volume = 18 | issue = 4 | pages = 637–45 | date = Oct 2009 | pmid = 19793571 | pmc = 3454516 | doi = 10.1016/j.soc.2009.07.003 | url = http://journals.elsevierhealth.com/retrieve/pii/S1055-3207(09)00061-1 }}</ref>
| issue = 2
| pages = 145–157
| year = 2013
| month = June
| doi = 10.1007/s10689-013-9637-8
| pmid = 23546821
}}</ref>
*In 1966, Dr. Henry T. Lynch described 2 Midwestern families whose members were affected with [[Colon Cancer|colon]], [[Gastric cancer|gastric]], and [[Endometrial cancer|endometrial cancers]].<ref name="pmid5901552">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lynch HT, Shaw MW, Magnuson CW, Larsen AL, Krush AJ | title = Hereditary factors in cancer. Study of two large midwestern kindreds | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 117 | issue = 2 | pages = 206–12 | date = Feb 1966 | pmid = 5901552 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.117.2.206 }}</ref>
*In 1971, Lynch and Krush updated the studies of the family, in which they introduced the term '[[cancer]] family [[syndrome]]" for the [[disease]] affecting the families.<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[H. T. Lynch]] & [[A. J. Krush]]
| title = The cancer family syndrome and cancer control
| journal = [[Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics]]
| volume = 132
| issue = 2
| pages = 247–250
| year = 1971
| month = February
| pmid = 5547406
}}</ref>
*The term "Lynch syndrome" was coined in 1984 by Boland and Troncale.<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[C. R. Boland]] & [[F. J. Troncale]]
| title = Familial colonic cancer without antecedent polyposis
| journal = [[Annals of internal medicine]]
| volume = 100
| issue = 5
| pages = 700–701
| year = 1984
| month = May
| pmid = 6712034
}}</ref>
*Lynch named the condition "hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer" in 1985.  Since then the two terms have been used interchangeably. <ref name="bellizzi">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bellizzi AM, Frankel WL | title = Colorectal cancer due to deficiency in DNA mismatch repair function: a review | journal = Advances in Anatomic Pathology | volume = 16 | issue = 6 | pages = 405–17 | date = Nov 2009 | pmid = 19851131 | doi = 10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181bb6bdc }}</ref>
*Some sources reserve the term "[[Lynch syndrome]]" when there is a known [[DNA mismatch repair]] defect, and use the term "familial [[colorectal cancer]] type X" or "hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer" when the [[Amsterdam criteria]] are met but there is no known [[DNA]] [[DNA mismatch repair|mismatch repair defect]].<ref name="pmid19793571">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lindor NM | title = Familial colorectal cancer type X: the other half of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer syndrome | journal = Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America | volume = 18 | issue = 4 | pages = 637–45 | date = Oct 2009 | pmid = 19793571 | pmc = 3454516 | doi = 10.1016/j.soc.2009.07.003 | url = http://journals.elsevierhealth.com/retrieve/pii/S1055-3207(09)00061-1 }}</ref>
*In 1991, the [[Amsterdam criteria|Amsterdam I Guidelines]] were published to help classify HNPCC.<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[H. F. Vasen]], [[J. P. Mecklin]], [[P. M. Khan]] & [[H. T. Lynch]]
| title = The International Collaborative Group on Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (ICG-HNPCC)
| journal = [[Diseases of the colon and rectum]]
| volume = 34
| issue = 5
| pages = 424–425
| year = 1991
| month = May
| pmid = 2022152
}}</ref>
*In 1999, the updated Amsterdam II guidelines were published. <ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[H. F. Vasen]], [[P. Watson]], [[J. P. Mecklin]] & [[H. T. Lynch]]
| title = New clinical criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome) proposed by the International Collaborative group on HNPCC
| journal = [[Gastroenterology]]
| volume = 116
| issue = 6
| pages = 1453–1456
| year = 1999
| month = June
| pmid = 10348829
}}</ref>
*In 1997. Bethesda guidelines were published in which criteria for the identification of [[Colorectal cancer|colorectal cancers]] that must be tested for [[microsatellite instability|microsatellite instability (MSI)]] were present.<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[M. A. Rodriguez-Bigas]], [[C. R. Boland]], [[S. R. Hamilton]], [[D. E. Henson]], [[J. R. Jass]], [[P. M. Khan]], [[H. Lynch]], [[M. Perucho]], [[T. Smyrk]], [[L. Sobin]] & [[S. Srivastava]]
| title = A National Cancer Institute Workshop on Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Syndrome: meeting highlights and Bethesda guidelines
| journal = [[Journal of the National Cancer Institute]]
| volume = 89
| issue = 23
| pages = 1758–1762
| year = 1997
| month = December
| pmid = 9392616
}}</ref>
*The Bethesda guidelines were updated and revised in 2004.<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Asad Umar]], [[C. Richard Boland]], [[Jonathan P. Terdiman]], [[Sapna Syngal]], [[Albert de la Chapelle]], [[Josef Ruschoff]], [[Richard Fishel]], [[Noralane M. Lindor]], [[Lawrence J. Burgart]], [[Richard Hamelin]], [[Stanley R. Hamilton]], [[Robert A. Hiatt]], [[Jeremy Jass]], [[Annika Lindblom]], [[Henry T. Lynch]], [[Paivi Peltomaki]], [[Scott D. Ramsey]], [[Miguel A. Rodriguez-Bigas]], [[Hans F. A. Vasen]], [[Ernest T. Hawk]], [[J. Carl Barrett]], [[Andrew N. Freedman]] & [[Sudhir Srivastava]]
| title = Revised Bethesda Guidelines for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) and microsatellite instability
| journal = [[Journal of the National Cancer Institute]]
| volume = 96
| issue = 4
| pages = 261–268
| year = 2004
| month = February
| pmid = 14970275
}}</ref>


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 14:18, 29 April 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ali Akram, M.B.B.S.[2] Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]

Overview

Lynch syndrome was first described by Dr. Henry T. Lynch, an American physician, in 1966.

Historical Perspective

  • In 1913, Aldred Warthin, Chairman of the Department of Pathology at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, first reported a family which he called 'Family G' with features of the disease now known as Lynch syndrome. He recognized there were "cancer fraternities" and there was an influence of heredity on cancer.[1]
  • In 1966, Dr. Henry T. Lynch described 2 Midwestern families whose members were affected with colon, gastric, and endometrial cancers.[2]
  • In 1971, Lynch and Krush updated the studies of the family, in which they introduced the term 'cancer family syndrome" for the disease affecting the families.[3]
  • The term "Lynch syndrome" was coined in 1984 by Boland and Troncale.[4]
  • Lynch named the condition "hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer" in 1985. Since then the two terms have been used interchangeably. [5]
  • Some sources reserve the term "Lynch syndrome" when there is a known DNA mismatch repair defect, and use the term "familial colorectal cancer type X" or "hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer" when the Amsterdam criteria are met but there is no known DNA mismatch repair defect.[6]
  • In 1991, the Amsterdam I Guidelines were published to help classify HNPCC.[7]
  • In 1999, the updated Amsterdam II guidelines were published. [8]
  • In 1997. Bethesda guidelines were published in which criteria for the identification of colorectal cancers that must be tested for microsatellite instability (MSI) were present.[9]
  • The Bethesda guidelines were updated and revised in 2004.[10]

References

  1. ↑ C. Richard Boland & Henry T. Lynch (2013). "The history of Lynch syndrome". Familial cancer. 12 (2): 145–157. doi:10.1007/s10689-013-9637-8. PMID 23546821. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ Lynch HT, Shaw MW, Magnuson CW, Larsen AL, Krush AJ (Feb 1966). "Hereditary factors in cancer. Study of two large midwestern kindreds". Archives of Internal Medicine. 117 (2): 206–12. doi:10.1001/archinte.117.2.206. PMID 5901552.
  3. ↑ H. T. Lynch & A. J. Krush (1971). "The cancer family syndrome and cancer control". Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics. 132 (2): 247–250. PMID 5547406. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ C. R. Boland & F. J. Troncale (1984). "Familial colonic cancer without antecedent polyposis". Annals of internal medicine. 100 (5): 700–701. PMID 6712034. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Bellizzi AM, Frankel WL (Nov 2009). "Colorectal cancer due to deficiency in DNA mismatch repair function: a review". Advances in Anatomic Pathology. 16 (6): 405–17. doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181bb6bdc. PMID 19851131.
  6. ↑ Lindor NM (Oct 2009). "Familial colorectal cancer type X: the other half of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer syndrome". Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America. 18 (4): 637–45. doi:10.1016/j.soc.2009.07.003. PMC 3454516. PMID 19793571.
  7. ↑ H. F. Vasen, J. P. Mecklin, P. M. Khan & H. T. Lynch (1991). "The International Collaborative Group on Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (ICG-HNPCC)". Diseases of the colon and rectum. 34 (5): 424–425. PMID 2022152. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ H. F. Vasen, P. Watson, J. P. Mecklin & H. T. Lynch (1999). "New clinical criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome) proposed by the International Collaborative group on HNPCC". Gastroenterology. 116 (6): 1453–1456. PMID 10348829. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ M. A. Rodriguez-Bigas, C. R. Boland, S. R. Hamilton, D. E. Henson, J. R. Jass, P. M. Khan, H. Lynch, M. Perucho, T. Smyrk, L. Sobin & S. Srivastava (1997). "A National Cancer Institute Workshop on Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Syndrome: meeting highlights and Bethesda guidelines". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 89 (23): 1758–1762. PMID 9392616. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Asad Umar, C. Richard Boland, Jonathan P. Terdiman, Sapna Syngal, Albert de la Chapelle, Josef Ruschoff, Richard Fishel, Noralane M. Lindor, Lawrence J. Burgart, Richard Hamelin, Stanley R. Hamilton, Robert A. Hiatt, Jeremy Jass, Annika Lindblom, Henry T. Lynch, Paivi Peltomaki, Scott D. Ramsey, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Bigas, Hans F. A. Vasen, Ernest T. Hawk, J. Carl Barrett, Andrew N. Freedman & Sudhir Srivastava (2004). "Revised Bethesda Guidelines for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) and microsatellite instability". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 96 (4): 261–268. PMID 14970275. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)


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