Hepatitis E primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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Although rare, [[transmission]] has been reported through [[blood transfusions]]. Therefore [[screening]] of blood is considered a preventive measure.<ref name="pmid23013075">{{cite journal| author=Hoofnagle JH, Nelson KE, Purcell RH| title=Hepatitis E. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2012 | volume= 367 | issue= 13 | pages= 1237-44 | pmid=23013075 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1204512 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23013075 }} </ref> | |||
===Guidelines for Epidemic Measures=== | ===Guidelines for Epidemic Measures=== |
Revision as of 17:11, 25 August 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Prevention
Hepatitis E is a zoonosis, therefore prevention of the disease should start by avoiding transmission of the virus from animals to humans. As almost all HEV infections are spread by the faecal - oral route, improving sanitation is the most important measure, along with good personal hygiene. High quality standards for public water supplies and proper disposal of sanitary waste have resulted in a low prevalence of HEV infections in many well developed societies.[1]
For travellers to high endemic areas, the usual elementary food hygiene precautions are recommended. These include:[2]
- Avoiding drinking water and/or ice of unknown purity
- Eating uncooked shellfish, uncooked fruits or vegetables that are not peeled or prepared by the traveller
- Cook pork thoroughly
- Avoid eating shellfish
Although rare, transmission has been reported through blood transfusions. Therefore screening of blood is considered a preventive measure.[3]
Guidelines for Epidemic Measures
The following measures should be observed in an epidemic situation:[2]
- Determination of the mode of transmission
- Identification of the population with an increased risk of infection
- Elimination of a common source of infection
- Improvement of sanitary and hygienic practices to eliminate faecal contamination of food and water
Vaccination
References
- ↑ Mandell, Gerald (2010). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. ISBN 0443068399.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Hepatitis E".
- ↑ Hoofnagle JH, Nelson KE, Purcell RH (2012). "Hepatitis E." N Engl J Med. 367 (13): 1237–44. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1204512. PMID 23013075.