Hepatitis E primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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As almost all [[HEV infection]]s are spread by the faecal - oral route, improving [[sanitation]] is the most important measure good personal hygiene. High quality standards for public water supplies and proper disposal of sanitary waste have resulted in a low prevalence of [[HEV infection]]s in many well developed societies.<ref>{{cite book | last = Mandell | first = Gerald | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2010 | isbn = 0443068399 }}</ref> | As almost all [[HEV infection]]s are spread by the faecal - oral route, improving [[sanitation]] is the most important measure good personal hygiene. High quality standards for public water supplies and proper disposal of sanitary waste have resulted in a low prevalence of [[HEV infection]]s in many well developed societies.<ref>{{cite book | last = Mandell | first = Gerald | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2010 | isbn = 0443068399 }}</ref> | ||
For travellers to high [[endemic]] areas, the usual elementary food hygiene precautions are recommended. These include: | For travellers to high [[endemic]] areas, the usual elementary food hygiene precautions are recommended. These include:<ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Hepatitis E | url = http://www.who.int/csr/disease/hepatitis/whocdscsredc200112/en/index5.html }}</ref> | ||
*Avoiding drinking water and/or ice of unknown purity | *Avoiding drinking water and/or ice of unknown purity | ||
*Eating uncooked shellfish, uncooked fruits or vegetables that are not peeled or prepared by the traveller | *Eating uncooked shellfish, uncooked fruits or vegetables that are not peeled or prepared by the traveller | ||
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==Vaccination== | ==Vaccination== | ||
A vaccine based on recombinant viral proteins has been developed and recently tested in a high-risk population (military personnel of a developing country).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Shrestha MP, Scott RM, Joshi DM, ''et al'' |title=Safety and efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=356 |issue=9 |pages=895-903 |year=2007 |pmid=17329696 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa061847}}</ref> The vaccine appeared to be effective and safe, but further studies are needed to assess the long-term protection and the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis E vaccination. | A [[vaccine]] based on recombinant [[viral]] proteins has been developed, and recently tested in a high-risk population (military personnel of a developing country).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Shrestha MP, Scott RM, Joshi DM, ''et al'' |title=Safety and efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=356 |issue=9 |pages=895-903 |year=2007 |pmid=17329696 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa061847}}</ref> The [[vaccine]] appeared to be effective and safe, but further studies are needed to assess the long-term protection and the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis E vaccination. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 16:24, 25 August 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Prevention
As almost all HEV infections are spread by the faecal - oral route, improving sanitation is the most important measure good personal hygiene. High quality standards for public water supplies and proper disposal of sanitary waste have resulted in a low prevalence of HEV infections in many well developed societies.[1]
For travellers to high endemic areas, the usual elementary food hygiene precautions are recommended. These include:[2]
- Avoiding drinking water and/or ice of unknown purity
- Eating uncooked shellfish, uncooked fruits or vegetables that are not peeled or prepared by the traveller
Guidelines for Epidemic Measures
The following measures should be observed in an epidemic situation:[2]
- Determination of the mode of transmission
- Identification of the population with an increased risk of infection
- Elimination of a common source of infection
- Improvement of sanitary and hygienic practices to eliminate faecal contamination of food and water
Vaccination
A vaccine based on recombinant viral proteins has been developed, and recently tested in a high-risk population (military personnel of a developing country).[3] The vaccine appeared to be effective and safe, but further studies are needed to assess the long-term protection and the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis E vaccination.
References
- ↑ Mandell, Gerald (2010). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. ISBN 0443068399.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Hepatitis E".
- ↑ Shrestha MP, Scott RM, Joshi DM; et al. (2007). "Safety and efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine". N. Engl. J. Med. 356 (9): 895–903. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa061847. PMID 17329696.