Hemostasis: Difference between revisions
m (Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{SIB}} + & -{{EH}} + & -{{EJ}} + & -{{Editor Help}} + & -{{Editor Join}} +)) |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Hemostasis''' refers to the [[physiologic]] process whereby bleeding is halted in most animals with a closed [[circulatory system]]. Stopped bleeding is commonly referred to, however, as [[coagulation]], but coagulation is only | '''Hemostasis''' refers to the [[physiologic]] process whereby [[bleeding]] is halted in most animals with a closed [[circulatory system]]. Stopped [[bleeding]] is commonly referred to, however, as [[coagulation]], but [[coagulation]] is only a part of the [[hemostatic]] process. | ||
==Hemostasis in physiology== | ==Hemostasis in physiology== | ||
When a [[blood vessel]] is | When a [[blood vessel]] is [[Injury|injured]], several steps occur to staunch the flow of [[blood]], namely: | ||
* ''[[Vasoconstriction]]'' constricts the blood vessel, minimizing vessel diameter and slowing bleeding. | * ''[[Vasoconstriction|'''Vasoconstriction''']]'' constricts the [[blood vessel]], minimizing [[Blood vessel|vessel]] diameter and slowing [[bleeding]]. | ||
* ''Primary hemostasis'' occurs, wherein [[platelets]], one of the formed elements of the blood, bind to [[collagen]] in the exposed walls of the blood vessel to form a ''hemostatic plug'' within seconds after an injury. | * '''''Primary hemostasis''''' occurs, wherein [[platelets]], one of the formed elements of the [[blood]], bind to [[collagen]] in the exposed walls of the [[blood vessel]] to form a ''[[hemostatic]] plug'' within seconds after an [[injury]]. | ||
* ''Secondary hemostasis'' or [[coagulation]] occurs. This involves a complex cascade of coagulation factors, ultimately resulting in the transformation of fibrinogen, a blood protein, into [[polymer|polymerized]] [[fibrin]], making a clot. This process takes several minutes. | * '''''Secondary hemostasis''''' or [[coagulation]] occurs. This involves a complex cascade of [[Coagulation|coagulation factors]], ultimately resulting in the transformation of [[fibrinogen]], a [[blood]] [[protein]], into [[polymer|polymerized]] [[fibrin]], making a [[Thrombus|clot]]. This process takes several minutes. | ||
* The clot attracts and stimulates the growth of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells within the vessel wall, and begins the repair process which ultimately results in the dissolution of the clot ([[fibrinolysis]]). | * The [[Thrombus|clot]] attracts and stimulates the growth of [[Fibroblast|fibroblasts]] and [[smooth muscle]] [[Cell (biology)|cells]] within the [[Blood vessel|vessel wall]], and begins the repair process which ultimately results in the dissolution of the [[Thrombus|clot]] ([[fibrinolysis]]). | ||
Disorders of hemostasis can be roughly divided into platelet disorders, such as [[idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]], and disorders of coagulation, such as [[hemophilia]]. | [[Disorder (medicine)|Disorders]] of [[hemostasis]] can be roughly divided into [[platelet]] disorders, such as [[idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]], and disorders of [[coagulation]], such as [[hemophilia]]. | ||
Hemostasis may also refer to the complex interaction between vessels, platelets, coagulation factors, coagulation inhibitors and fibrinolytic proteins to maintain the blood within the vascular compartment in a fluid state. The objective of the hemostatic system is to preserve intravascular integrity by achieving a balance between hemorrhage and thrombosis. | [[Hemostasis]] may also refer to the complex interaction between [[vessels]], [[Platelet|platelets]], [[coagulation]] factors, [[coagulation]] inhibitors and [[Fibrinolysis|fibrinolytic]] [[Protein|proteins]] to maintain the [[blood]] within the [[vascular]] [[Compartment (anatomy)|compartment]] in a [[fluid]] state. The objective of the [[hemostatic]] [[Biological system|system]] is to preserve [[Blood vessel|intravascular]] integrity by achieving a balance between [[Bleeding|hemorrhage]] and [[thrombosis]]. | ||
Hemostasis can be induced by [[adenosine diphosphate | [[Hemostasis]] can be induced by [[adenosine diphosphate|adenosine diphosphate (ADP)]] at the site of a [[mosquito]] bite to recruit [[Platelet|platelets]] and oppose [[blood]]-feeding; however [[Mosquito|mosquitoes]] have developed salivary [[apyrase]] to degrade [[Adenosine diphosphate|ADP]] to counter this defense. | ||
==Hemostasis by | ==Hemostasis by Hemostatic Clamps== | ||
'''Hemostasis''' may refer to the process of manually clamping a [[blood vessel]], usually with [[hemostatic clamp]]s, in [[surgery]] or [[dissection]], to prevent bleeding from that vessel. This also may be done when an abnormal blood vessel forms, as these vessels may have thin walls and be prone to rupturing. | '''Hemostasis''' may refer to the process of manually clamping a [[blood vessel]], usually with [[hemostatic clamp]]s, in [[surgery]] or [[dissection]], to prevent [[bleeding]] from that [[Blood vessel|vessel]]. This also may be done when an abnormal [[blood vessel]] forms, as these [[Blood vessel|vessels]] may have thin walls and be prone to [[Rupture|rupturing]]. | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
Latest revision as of 02:58, 8 January 2019
|
WikiDoc Resources for Hemostasis |
|
Articles |
|---|
|
Most recent articles on Hemostasis |
|
Media |
|
Evidence Based Medicine |
|
Clinical Trials |
|
Ongoing Trials on Hemostasis at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Hemostasis at Google
|
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Hemostasis
|
|
Books |
|
News |
|
Commentary |
|
Definitions |
|
Patient Resources / Community |
|
Patient resources on Hemostasis Discussion groups on Hemostasis Patient Handouts on Hemostasis Directions to Hospitals Treating Hemostasis Risk calculators and risk factors for Hemostasis
|
|
Healthcare Provider Resources |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Hemostasis |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) |
|
International |
|
|
|
Business |
|
Experimental / Informatics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Hemostasis refers to the physiologic process whereby bleeding is halted in most animals with a closed circulatory system. Stopped bleeding is commonly referred to, however, as coagulation, but coagulation is only a part of the hemostatic process.
Hemostasis in physiology
When a blood vessel is injured, several steps occur to staunch the flow of blood, namely:
- Vasoconstriction constricts the blood vessel, minimizing vessel diameter and slowing bleeding.
- Primary hemostasis occurs, wherein platelets, one of the formed elements of the blood, bind to collagen in the exposed walls of the blood vessel to form a hemostatic plug within seconds after an injury.
- Secondary hemostasis or coagulation occurs. This involves a complex cascade of coagulation factors, ultimately resulting in the transformation of fibrinogen, a blood protein, into polymerized fibrin, making a clot. This process takes several minutes.
- The clot attracts and stimulates the growth of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells within the vessel wall, and begins the repair process which ultimately results in the dissolution of the clot (fibrinolysis).
Disorders of hemostasis can be roughly divided into platelet disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and disorders of coagulation, such as hemophilia.
Hemostasis may also refer to the complex interaction between vessels, platelets, coagulation factors, coagulation inhibitors and fibrinolytic proteins to maintain the blood within the vascular compartment in a fluid state. The objective of the hemostatic system is to preserve intravascular integrity by achieving a balance between hemorrhage and thrombosis.
Hemostasis can be induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) at the site of a mosquito bite to recruit platelets and oppose blood-feeding; however mosquitoes have developed salivary apyrase to degrade ADP to counter this defense.
Hemostasis by Hemostatic Clamps
Hemostasis may refer to the process of manually clamping a blood vessel, usually with hemostatic clamps, in surgery or dissection, to prevent bleeding from that vessel. This also may be done when an abnormal blood vessel forms, as these vessels may have thin walls and be prone to rupturing.
External links
- http://vam.anest.ufl.edu/hemostasis/index.html A free simulation of perioperative hemostasis
- http://www.hemostasisllc.com/
de:Blutstillung mk:Хемостаза nl:Hemostase no:Hemostase sq:Hemostaza