Goiter classification: Difference between revisions

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*'''<u>Goiter may be also be classified according to various classification methods based on the following criteria</u>''': <ref name="Werner1969">{{cite journal|last1=Werner|first1=Sidney C.|title=Classification of Thyroid Disease|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=29|issue=6|year=1969|pages=860–862|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jcem-29-6-860}}</ref> <ref name="MercanteGabrielli2011">{{cite journal|last1=Mercante|first1=Giuseppe|last2=Gabrielli|first2=Enrico|last3=Pedroni|first3=Corrado|last4=Formisano|first4=Debora|last5=Bertolini|first5=Laura|last6=Nicoli|first6=Franco|last7=Valcavi|first7=Roberto|last8=Barbieri|first8=Verter|title=CT cross-sectional imaging classification system for substernal goiter based on risk factors for an extracervical surgical approach|journal=Head & Neck|volume=33|issue=6|year=2011|pages=792–799|issn=10433074|doi=10.1002/hed.21539}}</ref> <ref name="CrileHazard1951">{{cite journal|last1=Crile|first1=George|last2=Hazard|first2=John B.|title=CLASSIFICATION OF THYROIDITIS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE USE OF NEEDLE BIOPSY*|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=11|issue=10|year=1951|pages=1123–1127|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jcem-11-10-1123}}</ref> <ref name="pmid6663666">{{cite journal |vauthors=deSouza FM, Smith PE |title=Retrosternal goiter |journal=J Otolaryngol |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=393–6 |year=1983 |pmid=6663666 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="CastanedaLechuga2002">{{cite journal|last1=Castaneda|first1=Rutila|last2=Lechuga|first2=Diana|last3=Ramos|first3=Rosa Isela|last4=Magos|first4=Clementina|last5=Orozco|first5=Maribel|last6=Martiacute;nez|first6=Homero|title=Endemic goiter in pregnant women: utility of the simplified classification of thyroid size by palpation and urinary iodine as screening tests|journal=BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology|volume=109|issue=12|year=2002|pages=1366–1372|issn=1470-0328|doi=10.1046/j.1471-0528.2002.00306.x}}</ref> <ref name="CarnellValente1998">{{cite journal|last1=Carnell|first1=N. Eric|last2=Valente|first2=William A.|title=Thyroid Nodules in Graves' Disease: Classification, Characterization, and Response to Treatment|journal=Thyroid|volume=8|issue=7|year=1998|pages=571–576|issn=1050-7256|doi=10.1089/thy.1998.8.571}}</ref> <ref name="Monaco2003">{{cite journal|last1=Monaco|first1=Fabrizio|title=Classification of Thyroid Diseases: Suggestions for a Revision|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=88|issue=4|year=2003|pages=1428–1432|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jc.2002-021260}}</ref> <ref name="HuinsGeorgalas2008">{{cite journal|last1=Huins|first1=Charles T.|last2=Georgalas|first2=Christos|last3=Mehrzad|first3=Homoyoon|last4=Tolley|first4=Neil S.|title=A new classification system for retrosternal goitre based on a systematic review of its complications and management|journal=International Journal of Surgery|volume=6|issue=1|year=2008|pages=71–76|issn=17439191|doi=10.1016/j.ijsu.2007.02.003}}</ref> <ref name="CrileHazard1948">{{cite journal|last1=Crile|first1=George|last2=Hazard|first2=John B.|last3=Dinsmore|first3=Robert S.|title=CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION*|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=8|issue=9|year=1948|pages=762–765|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jcem-8-9-762}}</ref> <ref name="PasslerPrager2003">{{cite journal|last1=Passler|first1=Christian|last2=Prager|first2=Gerhard|last3=Scheuba|first3=Christian|last4=Kaserer|first4=Klaus|last5=Zettinig|first5=Georg|last6=Niederle|first6=Bruno|title=Application of Staging Systems for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in an Endemic Goiter Region With Iodine Substitution|journal=Annals of Surgery|volume=237|issue=2|year=2003|pages=227–234|issn=0003-4932|doi=10.1097/01.SLA.0000048449.69472.81}}</ref> <ref name="WoolnerBeahrs1961">{{cite journal|last1=Woolner|first1=Lewis B.|last2=Beahrs|first2=Oliver H.|last3=Black|first3=B.Marden|last4=McConahey|first4=William M.|last5=Keating|first5=F.Raymond|title=Classification and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma|journal=The American Journal of Surgery|volume=102|issue=3|year=1961|pages=354–387|issn=00029610|doi=10.1016/0002-9610(61)90527-X}}</ref>
*'''<u>Goiter may be also be classified according to various classification methods based on the following criteria</u>''': <ref name="Werner1969">{{cite journal|last1=Werner|first1=Sidney C.|title=Classification of Thyroid Disease|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=29|issue=6|year=1969|pages=860–862|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jcem-29-6-860}}</ref> <ref name="MercanteGabrielli2011">{{cite journal|last1=Mercante|first1=Giuseppe|last2=Gabrielli|first2=Enrico|last3=Pedroni|first3=Corrado|last4=Formisano|first4=Debora|last5=Bertolini|first5=Laura|last6=Nicoli|first6=Franco|last7=Valcavi|first7=Roberto|last8=Barbieri|first8=Verter|title=CT cross-sectional imaging classification system for substernal goiter based on risk factors for an extracervical surgical approach|journal=Head & Neck|volume=33|issue=6|year=2011|pages=792–799|issn=10433074|doi=10.1002/hed.21539}}</ref> <ref name="CrileHazard1951">{{cite journal|last1=Crile|first1=George|last2=Hazard|first2=John B.|title=CLASSIFICATION OF THYROIDITIS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE USE OF NEEDLE BIOPSY*|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=11|issue=10|year=1951|pages=1123–1127|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jcem-11-10-1123}}</ref> <ref name="pmid6663666">{{cite journal |vauthors=deSouza FM, Smith PE |title=Retrosternal goiter |journal=J Otolaryngol |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=393–6 |year=1983 |pmid=6663666 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="CastanedaLechuga2002">{{cite journal|last1=Castaneda|first1=Rutila|last2=Lechuga|first2=Diana|last3=Ramos|first3=Rosa Isela|last4=Magos|first4=Clementina|last5=Orozco|first5=Maribel|last6=Martiacute;nez|first6=Homero|title=Endemic goiter in pregnant women: utility of the simplified classification of thyroid size by palpation and urinary iodine as screening tests|journal=BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology|volume=109|issue=12|year=2002|pages=1366–1372|issn=1470-0328|doi=10.1046/j.1471-0528.2002.00306.x}}</ref> <ref name="CarnellValente1998">{{cite journal|last1=Carnell|first1=N. Eric|last2=Valente|first2=William A.|title=Thyroid Nodules in Graves' Disease: Classification, Characterization, and Response to Treatment|journal=Thyroid|volume=8|issue=7|year=1998|pages=571–576|issn=1050-7256|doi=10.1089/thy.1998.8.571}}</ref> <ref name="Monaco2003">{{cite journal|last1=Monaco|first1=Fabrizio|title=Classification of Thyroid Diseases: Suggestions for a Revision|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=88|issue=4|year=2003|pages=1428–1432|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jc.2002-021260}}</ref> <ref name="HuinsGeorgalas2008">{{cite journal|last1=Huins|first1=Charles T.|last2=Georgalas|first2=Christos|last3=Mehrzad|first3=Homoyoon|last4=Tolley|first4=Neil S.|title=A new classification system for retrosternal goitre based on a systematic review of its complications and management|journal=International Journal of Surgery|volume=6|issue=1|year=2008|pages=71–76|issn=17439191|doi=10.1016/j.ijsu.2007.02.003}}</ref> <ref name="CrileHazard1948">{{cite journal|last1=Crile|first1=George|last2=Hazard|first2=John B.|last3=Dinsmore|first3=Robert S.|title=CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION*|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=8|issue=9|year=1948|pages=762–765|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jcem-8-9-762}}</ref> <ref name="PasslerPrager2003">{{cite journal|last1=Passler|first1=Christian|last2=Prager|first2=Gerhard|last3=Scheuba|first3=Christian|last4=Kaserer|first4=Klaus|last5=Zettinig|first5=Georg|last6=Niederle|first6=Bruno|title=Application of Staging Systems for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in an Endemic Goiter Region With Iodine Substitution|journal=Annals of Surgery|volume=237|issue=2|year=2003|pages=227–234|issn=0003-4932|doi=10.1097/01.SLA.0000048449.69472.81}}</ref> <ref name="WoolnerBeahrs1961">{{cite journal|last1=Woolner|first1=Lewis B.|last2=Beahrs|first2=Oliver H.|last3=Black|first3=B.Marden|last4=McConahey|first4=William M.|last5=Keating|first5=F.Raymond|title=Classification and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma|journal=The American Journal of Surgery|volume=102|issue=3|year=1961|pages=354–387|issn=00029610|doi=10.1016/0002-9610(61)90527-X}}</ref> <ref name="Passler2004">{{cite journal|last1=Passler|first1=C|title=Prognostic factors of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: differences in an iodine-replete endemic goiter region|journal=Endocrine Related Cancer|volume=11|issue=1|year=2004|pages=131–139|issn=1351-0088|doi=10.1677/erc.0.0110131}}</ref>
**''Etiological classification''
**''Etiological classification''
**''Epidemiological classification''
**''Epidemiological classification''

Revision as of 16:16, 15 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumours which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and epidemiological studies. Goiter may also be classified according to various classification methods based on etiological, epidemiological, anatomical, pathological, functional and morphological factors.

Classification

  • In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumours which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and epidemiological studies. [1]
  • WHO Histological Classification of Thyroid Tumors, Second edition (1988) [1] [2]
    • Epithelial tumors
      • Benign
        • Follicular adenoma
        • Others
      • Malignant
        • Follicular carcinoma
        • Papillary carcinoma
        • Medullary carcinoma
        • Undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma
        • Others
    • Nonepithelial tumors
      • Benign
      • Malignant
    • Malignant lymphomas
    • Miscellaneous tumors
    • Secondary tumors
    • Unclassified tumors
    • Tumor-like lesions


  • Goiter may be also be classified according to various classification methods based on the following criteria: [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]
    • Etiological classification
    • Epidemiological classification
    • Anatomical classification
    • Pathological classification
    • Functional classification
    • Morphological classification
  • Etiological classification:
    • Physiological goiter: Goiters as a result of increased metabolic demand of thyroid hormones (during pregnancy or puberty)
    • Pathological goiter: Goiters as a result of diseases affecting the thyroid gland e.g. Neoplastic or inflammatory conditions
  • Epidemiological classification:
    • Familial goiters: Goiters that occur in families as a result of Inherited defect of thyroid hormone synthesis
    • Endemic goiters: Thyroid enlargement affecting a significant number of population in a particular locality
    • Sporadic goiters: Goiters that run sporadically
  • Anatomical classification:
    • Cervical goiter: Goiter situated on the anterior aspect of the neck
    • Retrosternal goiter: Goiter extends downward and gets situated behind the sternum
    • Intrathoracic goiter: Goiter which extends into thoracic cavity
  • Pathological classification:
    • Simple goiter
    • Toxic goiter
    • Neoplastic goiter
    • Inflammatory goiter
    • Miscellaneous (Other rare types)
  • Functional classification:
    • Toxic goiter: Type of goiter associated with thyroid hyperfunction (hyperthyroidism)
    • Non-toxic goiter: Type of goiter associated with thyroid hypofunction (hypothyroidism) or normal thyroid function (Euthyroid)
  • Morphological classification: According to the texture of the gland
    • Diffuse goiter
    • Nodular goiter
      • Solitary nodular goiter
      • Multinodular goiter

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH (1989). "The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition". Cancer. 63 (5): 908–11. PMID 2914297.
  2. ↑ Else, J. Earl (1926). "A SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF GOITER". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 87 (18): 1465. doi:10.1001/jama.1926.02680180037009. ISSN 0098-7484.
  3. ↑ Werner, Sidney C. (1969). "Classification of Thyroid Disease". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 29 (6): 860–862. doi:10.1210/jcem-29-6-860. ISSN 0021-972X.
  4. ↑ Mercante, Giuseppe; Gabrielli, Enrico; Pedroni, Corrado; Formisano, Debora; Bertolini, Laura; Nicoli, Franco; Valcavi, Roberto; Barbieri, Verter (2011). "CT cross-sectional imaging classification system for substernal goiter based on risk factors for an extracervical surgical approach". Head & Neck. 33 (6): 792–799. doi:10.1002/hed.21539. ISSN 1043-3074.
  5. ↑ Crile, George; Hazard, John B. (1951). "CLASSIFICATION OF THYROIDITIS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE USE OF NEEDLE BIOPSY*". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 11 (10): 1123–1127. doi:10.1210/jcem-11-10-1123. ISSN 0021-972X.
  6. ↑ deSouza FM, Smith PE (1983). "Retrosternal goiter". J Otolaryngol. 12 (6): 393–6. PMID 6663666.
  7. ↑ Castaneda, Rutila; Lechuga, Diana; Ramos, Rosa Isela; Magos, Clementina; Orozco, Maribel; Martiacute;nez, Homero (2002). "Endemic goiter in pregnant women: utility of the simplified classification of thyroid size by palpation and urinary iodine as screening tests". BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 109 (12): 1366–1372. doi:10.1046/j.1471-0528.2002.00306.x. ISSN 1470-0328.
  8. ↑ Carnell, N. Eric; Valente, William A. (1998). "Thyroid Nodules in Graves' Disease: Classification, Characterization, and Response to Treatment". Thyroid. 8 (7): 571–576. doi:10.1089/thy.1998.8.571. ISSN 1050-7256.
  9. ↑ Monaco, Fabrizio (2003). "Classification of Thyroid Diseases: Suggestions for a Revision". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 88 (4): 1428–1432. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021260. ISSN 0021-972X.
  10. ↑ Huins, Charles T.; Georgalas, Christos; Mehrzad, Homoyoon; Tolley, Neil S. (2008). "A new classification system for retrosternal goitre based on a systematic review of its complications and management". International Journal of Surgery. 6 (1): 71–76. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2007.02.003. ISSN 1743-9191.
  11. ↑ Crile, George; Hazard, John B.; Dinsmore, Robert S. (1948). "CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION*". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 8 (9): 762–765. doi:10.1210/jcem-8-9-762. ISSN 0021-972X.
  12. ↑ Passler, Christian; Prager, Gerhard; Scheuba, Christian; Kaserer, Klaus; Zettinig, Georg; Niederle, Bruno (2003). "Application of Staging Systems for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in an Endemic Goiter Region With Iodine Substitution". Annals of Surgery. 237 (2): 227–234. doi:10.1097/01.SLA.0000048449.69472.81. ISSN 0003-4932.
  13. ↑ Woolner, Lewis B.; Beahrs, Oliver H.; Black, B.Marden; McConahey, William M.; Keating, F.Raymond (1961). "Classification and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma". The American Journal of Surgery. 102 (3): 354–387. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(61)90527-X. ISSN 0002-9610.
  14. ↑ Passler, C (2004). "Prognostic factors of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: differences in an iodine-replete endemic goiter region". Endocrine Related Cancer. 11 (1): 131–139. doi:10.1677/erc.0.0110131. ISSN 1351-0088.

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