Goiter causes: Difference between revisions
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*'''''Pharmacological factors:''''' | *'''''Pharmacological factors:''''' | ||
**Use of [[goitrogen]] drugs like [[para-aminosalicylic acid]] (PAS), [[thiocyanate]] and [[antithyroid drugs]] [e.g. [[thiouracil]], [[carbimazole]]] | **Use of [[goitrogen|goitrogenic]] drugs like [[para-aminosalicylic acid]] (PAS), [[thiocyanate]] and [[antithyroid drugs]] [e.g. [[thiouracil]], [[carbimazole]]] results in [[hypothyroidism]] | ||
*'''''Physiological factors:''''' | *'''''Physiological factors:''''' | ||
**Increased metabolic demand of thyroid hormones e.g. during [[pregnancy]] or [[puberty]] | **Increased metabolic demand of thyroid hormones e.g. during [[pregnancy]] or [[puberty]] results in physiological goitre | ||
*'''''Environmental factors:''''' | *'''''Environmental factors:''''' | ||
Revision as of 18:41, 26 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Various factors have been associated with the cause of goiter such as hereditary, hormonal, dietary, pharmacological, physiological, environmental and pathological factors. The most common causes being, iodine deficiency, grave's disease and hashimoto's disease. Goiter may be caused by a mutation in the genes such as the thyroglobulin (Tg) gene, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene and the Na+/I- symporter (NIS) gene.
Causes
- Factors associated with goiter can be classified as follows:-
- Hereditary factors
- Hormonal factors
- Dietary factors
- Pharmacological factors
- Physiological factors
- Environmental factors
- Pathological factors
- Hereditary factors:
- Inherited defect(Familial goitre) of thyroid hormone synthesis such as:
- Enzymatic defect deficiency
- Dyshormonogenesis
- Inherited defect(Familial goitre) of thyroid hormone synthesis such as:
- Hormonal factors:
- Thyroid hormone dysfunction:
- Hyperthyroidism (overproduction of thyroid hormones)
- Hypothyroidism (underproduction of thyroid hormones)
- Thyroid hormone dysfunction:
- Dietary factors:
- Dietary iodine deficiency
- Goitrogens (play a major role in endemic goitre)
- Pharmacological factors:
- Use of goitrogenic drugs like para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), thiocyanate and antithyroid drugs [e.g. thiouracil, carbimazole] results in hypothyroidism
- Physiological factors:
- Environmental factors:
- Exposure to radiations leading to:
- Pathological factors:
- Intrinsic thyroid gland diseases
- Inflammatory goitres
- Neoplastic goitres
- Benign adenoma (follicular adenoma)
- Malignant
- Primary: Well differentiated, Poorly differentiated, Arising from parafollicular cells
- Secondary
- Intrinsic thyroid gland diseases
Common Causes
Goiter may be caused by:
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of Goiter include:
Genetic Causes
- Goiter may be caused by a mutation in the following genes which vary from one family to the other: [1]
- Thyroglobulin (Tg) gene
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene
- Na+/I- symporter (NIS) gene
- Multinodular goitre marker 1 (MNG1) on chromosome 14 [1]