Gait abnormality: Difference between revisions
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| [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link= Gait Abnormality resident survival guide]]|| <br> || <br> | |[[File:Siren.gif|30px|link= Gait Abnormality resident survival guide]]||<br>||<br> | ||
| [[Gait Abnormality survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']] | |[[Gait Abnormality survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']] | ||
|}'''For patient information, click [[Gait Abnormality(patient information)|here]]''' | |}'''For patient information, click [[Gait Abnormality(patient information)|here]]''' | ||
{{SI}} | {{SI}} | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
== Complete Differential Diagnosis == | ==Complete Differential Diagnosis== | ||
* [[Appendicitis]] | |||
* Cerebellar lesions | * | ||
* [[Cerebral Palsy]] | |||
* [[Cerebrovascular disease]] | {| class="wikitable" | ||
* [[Chondrodystrophia]] | |+ | ||
* [[Chondromalacia Patellae]] | !Gait abnormalities due to Drugs | ||
* Damage of the [[symphysis]] | ! | ||
* [[Degenerative joint disease]] | ! | ||
* [[Discitis]] | ! | ||
* [[Drugs]] | |- | ||
| | |||
* Alcohol | |||
* Amiodarone | |||
* Antiepileptic drugs | |||
* Barbiturates | |||
* Benzodiazepines | |||
* Bismuth | |||
* Bromides | |||
* Carbon tetrachloride | |||
* Chemotherapeutic agents (particularly high-dose cytarabine, fluorouracil, and asparaginase) | |||
* Cyclosporine | |||
* Glucocorticoids (high-dose) | |||
* Heavy metals (particularly mercury and manganese) | |||
* Lithium | |||
* Metronidazole | |||
* Phencyclidine | |||
* Piperazine | |||
* Tacrolimus | |||
* Thallium | |||
* Toluene | |||
* Zidovudine | |||
| | |||
*[[Appendicitis]] | |||
*Cerebellar lesions | |||
*[[Cerebral Palsy]] | |||
*[[Cerebrovascular disease]] | |||
*[[Chondrodystrophia]] | |||
*[[Chondromalacia Patellae]] | |||
*Damage of the [[symphysis]] | |||
*[[Degenerative joint disease]] | |||
*[[Discitis]] | |||
*[[Drugs]] | |||
**[[Artemether and lumefantrin]] | **[[Artemether and lumefantrin]] | ||
**[[Interferon gamma]] | **[[Interferon gamma]] | ||
**[[Perampanel]] | **[[Perampanel]] | ||
* [[Dystonia]] | *[[Dystonia]] | ||
* [[Encephalitis]] | *[[Encephalitis]] | ||
* Foreign body in shoe | *Foreign body in shoe | ||
* [[Fredreich's Ataxia]] | *[[Fredreich's Ataxia]] | ||
* [[Hemophilia]] | *[[Hemophilia]] | ||
* [[Hernia]]s | *[[Hernia]]s | ||
* [[Hydrocephalus]] | *[[Hydrocephalus]] | ||
* Leg length discrepancy | *Leg length discrepancy | ||
* [[Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease]] | *[[Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease]] | ||
* Local [[neoplasm]] | *Local [[neoplasm]] | ||
* [[Meningitis]] | *[[Meningitis]] | ||
* [[Metastases]] | *[[Metastases]] | ||
* [[Multiple Sclerosis]] | *[[Multiple Sclerosis]] | ||
* [[Neuromuscular]] disorders | *[[Neuromuscular]] disorders | ||
* [[Osgood-Schlatter Disease]] | *[[Osgood-Schlatter Disease]] | ||
* [[Osteomalacia]] | *[[Osteomalacia]] | ||
* [[Osteochondritis Dissecans]] | *[[Osteochondritis Dissecans]] | ||
* [[Osteomyelitis]] | *[[Osteomyelitis]] | ||
* [[Parkinson's Disease|Parkinsonism]] | *[[Parkinson's Disease|Parkinsonism]] | ||
* [[Periostitis]] | *[[Periostitis]] | ||
* [[Poliomyelitis]] | *[[Poliomyelitis]] | ||
* [[Polyneuropathy]] | *[[Polyneuropathy]] | ||
* Poorly fitting shoes | *Poorly fitting shoes | ||
* [[Rickets]] | *[[Rickets]] | ||
* Sensory [[ataxia]] | *Sensory [[ataxia]] | ||
* [[Septic Arthritis]] | *[[Septic Arthritis]] | ||
* [[Sickle cell Disease]] | *[[Sickle cell Disease]] | ||
* [[Somatization Syndrome]] | *[[Somatization Syndrome]] | ||
* Splinter in foot | *Splinter in foot | ||
* [[Tabes Dorsalis]] | *[[Tabes Dorsalis]] | ||
* [[Testicular torsion]] | *[[Testicular torsion]] | ||
* [[Trauma]] | *[[Trauma]] | ||
* Viral [[arthritis]] <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref> | *Viral [[arthritis]] <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref> | ||
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Persons suffering from [[peripheral neuropathy]] experience [[numbness]] and [[tingling]] in their hands and feet. This can cause difficulty in walking, climbing stairs and maintaining [[balance]]. Gait abnormality that results from [[chemotherapy]] is generally temporary in nature, though recovery times of six months to a year are common. | Persons suffering from [[peripheral neuropathy]] experience [[numbness]] and [[tingling]] in their hands and feet. This can cause difficulty in walking, climbing stairs and maintaining [[balance]]. Gait abnormality that results from [[chemotherapy]] is generally temporary in nature, though recovery times of six months to a year are common. | ||
| Line 65: | Line 112: | ||
===Antalgic gait=== | ===Antalgic gait=== | ||
''User favors certain motions to avoid acute pain. [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=671481857]'' | ''User favors certain motions to avoid acute pain. [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=671481857]'' | ||
* [[Physical trauma|Trauma]] | |||
* [[Osteoarthritis]] | *[[Physical trauma|Trauma]] | ||
* [[Pelvic girdle pain]] | *[[Osteoarthritis]] | ||
*[[Pelvic girdle pain]] | |||
===Drunken gait/Cerebellar ataxia=== | ===Drunken gait/Cerebellar ataxia=== | ||
''Reeling in a style like that of an intoxicated person. [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-972685307&linkID=203&cook=yes]'' | ''Reeling in a style like that of an intoxicated person. [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-972685307&linkID=203&cook=yes]'' | ||
* [[Ataxia]] | |||
* [[Cerebellar lesion]]s | *[[Ataxia]] | ||
* [[Cerebellar degeneration]] | *[[Cerebellar lesion]]s | ||
* [[Intoxication]]s | *[[Cerebellar degeneration]] | ||
*[[Intoxication]]s | |||
===Festinating gait/Parkinsonian gait=== | ===Festinating gait/Parkinsonian gait=== | ||
''Patient moves with short, jerky steps. Term derives from Latin "festino", or "to hurry". [http://www.medfriendly.com/festinatinggait.html] [http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/abbreviationsandterms/g/Gait.htm] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=610992140&linkID=206&cook=yes]'' | ''Patient moves with short, jerky steps. Term derives from Latin "festino", or "to hurry". [http://www.medfriendly.com/festinatinggait.html] [http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/abbreviationsandterms/g/Gait.htm] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=610992140&linkID=206&cook=yes]'' | ||
* [[Parkinson's disease]] | |||
*[[Parkinson's disease]] | |||
===Pigeon gait=== | ===Pigeon gait=== | ||
''Torsional abnormalities. [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1590689848]'' | ''Torsional abnormalities. [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1590689848]'' | ||
* [[Hip dysplasia]] | |||
*[[Hip dysplasia]] | |||
===Propulsive gait=== | ===Propulsive gait=== | ||
''Stiff, with head and neck bent. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] '' | ''Stiff, with head and neck bent. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] '' | ||
* [[Carbon monoxide poisoning]] | |||
* [[Parkinson's disease]] | *[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]] | ||
*[[Parkinson's disease]] | |||
===Steppage gait/High stepping gait=== | ===Steppage gait/High stepping gait=== | ||
''Toes point down. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] [http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=22477] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1966407688&linkID=205&cook=yes]'' | ''Toes point down. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] [http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=22477] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1966407688&linkID=205&cook=yes]'' | ||
* [[Polio]] | |||
* [[Multiple sclerosis]] | *[[Polio]] | ||
*[[Multiple sclerosis]] | |||
===Scissor gait=== | ===Scissor gait=== | ||
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These features are typical, and usually result in some form and to some degree regardless of the mildness or severity of the spastic CP condition. | These features are typical, and usually result in some form and to some degree regardless of the mildness or severity of the spastic CP condition. | ||
* rigidity and excessive adduction of the leg in swing | *rigidity and excessive adduction of the leg in swing | ||
* plantar flexion of the ankle | *plantar flexion of the ankle | ||
* flexion at the knee | *flexion at the knee | ||
* adduction and internal rotation at the hip | *adduction and internal rotation at the hip | ||
* contractures of all spastic muscles | *contractures of all spastic muscles | ||
* complicated assisting movements of the upper limbs when walking [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm].[http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-120586227&linkID=208&cook=yes] | *complicated assisting movements of the upper limbs when walking [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm].[http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-120586227&linkID=208&cook=yes] | ||
====See Also==== | ====See Also==== | ||
* [[Spastic diplegia]] | |||
* [[Pernicious anemia]] | *[[Spastic diplegia]] | ||
* [[Spastic paraplegia]] | *[[Pernicious anemia]] | ||
*[[Spastic paraplegia]] | |||
===[[Sensory ataxia]] gait/Stomping gait=== | ===[[Sensory ataxia]] gait/Stomping gait=== | ||
''Uncoordinated walking [http://medical.webends.com/kw/Gait%20Ataxia] [http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/abbreviationsandterms/g/Gait.htm] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-1737818075&linkID=207&cook=yes] [http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb29285.htm]'' | ''Uncoordinated walking [http://medical.webends.com/kw/Gait%20Ataxia] [http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/abbreviationsandterms/g/Gait.htm] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-1737818075&linkID=207&cook=yes] [http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb29285.htm]'' | ||
* [[Friedreich's ataxia]] | |||
* [[Pernicious anemia]]<br /> | *[[Friedreich's ataxia]] | ||
* Tabes Dorsalis (Syphilis) | *[[Pernicious anemia]]<br /> | ||
*Tabes Dorsalis (Syphilis) | |||
===Spastic gait=== | ===Spastic gait=== | ||
''Asymmetric foot dragging. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] [http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/abbreviationsandterms/g/Gait.htm]'' | ''Asymmetric foot dragging. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] [http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/abbreviationsandterms/g/Gait.htm]'' | ||
* [[Brain tumor]] | |||
* [[Sturge-Weber syndrome]] | *[[Brain tumor]] | ||
* [[Cerebral palsy]] | *[[Sturge-Weber syndrome]] | ||
*[[Cerebral palsy]] | |||
===[[Trendelenburg gait]]=== | ===[[Trendelenburg gait]]=== | ||
* weakness of the [[abductor]] muscles of the lower limb, principally [[gluteus medius]] | |||
*weakness of the [[abductor]] muscles of the lower limb, principally [[gluteus medius]] | |||
===Waddling/Myopathic gait=== | ===Waddling/Myopathic gait=== | ||
''Walking like a duck. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=147849232&linkID=209&cook=yes] '' | ''Walking like a duck. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=147849232&linkID=209&cook=yes] '' | ||
* [[Pregnancy]] | |||
*[[Pregnancy]] | |||
===Magnetic gait=== | ===Magnetic gait=== | ||
Feet seem attached to floor as if by a magnet. In magnetic gait, each step is initiated in a "wresting" motion carrying feet upward and forward. Magnetic gait can be visualized in terms of a powerful magnet being forcefully pulled from a steel plate. | Feet seem attached to floor as if by a magnet. In magnetic gait, each step is initiated in a "wresting" motion carrying feet upward and forward. Magnetic gait can be visualized in terms of a powerful magnet being forcefully pulled from a steel plate. | ||
* [[Normal pressure hydrocephalus]] (NPH) | |||
*[[Normal pressure hydrocephalus]] (NPH) | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 138: | Line 197: | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Ataxia]] | |||
* [[Limp]] | *[[Ataxia]] | ||
* [[Foot drop]] | *[[Limp]] | ||
* [[Gait Abnormality Rating Scale]] | *[[Foot drop]] | ||
*[[Gait Abnormality Rating Scale]] | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [http://www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site932/printerfriendlypageS932P0.html Children's Hospital Boston] | |||
* [http://www.univie.ac.at/cga/faq/classification.html Classification] | *[http://www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site932/printerfriendlypageS932P0.html Children's Hospital Boston] | ||
* [http://www.univie.ac.at/cga/archives/25-7-96/ Case Study] | *[http://www.univie.ac.at/cga/faq/classification.html Classification] | ||
* [http://medstat.med.utah.edu/neurologicexam/html/gait_abnormal.html Utah] | *[http://www.univie.ac.at/cga/archives/25-7-96/ Case Study] | ||
* {{GPNotebook|1376124935}} | *[http://medstat.med.utah.edu/neurologicexam/html/gait_abnormal.html Utah] | ||
*{{GPNotebook|1376124935}} | |||
{{Symptoms and signs}} | {{Symptoms and signs}} | ||
{{jb1}} | {{jb1}} | ||
Revision as of 02:14, 1 April 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usman Ali Akbar, M.B.B.S.[2]
Synonyms and keywords: Gait disturbance
Overview
Complete Differential Diagnosis
| Gait abnormalities due to Drugs | |||
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Persons suffering from peripheral neuropathy experience numbness and tingling in their hands and feet. This can cause difficulty in walking, climbing stairs and maintaining balance. Gait abnormality that results from chemotherapy is generally temporary in nature, though recovery times of six months to a year are common.
Specific abnormalities and examples of causes
Antalgic gait
User favors certain motions to avoid acute pain. [3]
Drunken gait/Cerebellar ataxia
Reeling in a style like that of an intoxicated person. [4]
Festinating gait/Parkinsonian gait
Patient moves with short, jerky steps. Term derives from Latin "festino", or "to hurry". [5] [6] [7]
Pigeon gait
Torsional abnormalities. [8]
Propulsive gait
Stiff, with head and neck bent. [9]
Steppage gait/High stepping gait
Toes point down. [10] [11] [12]
Scissor gait
Legs flexed slightly at the hips and knees, giving the appearance of crouching, with the knees and thighs hitting or crossing in a scissors-like movement. Often mixed with or accompanied by spastic gait, a stiff, foot-dragging walk caused by one-sided, long-term muscle contraction. Most common in patients with spastic cerebral palsy, usually diplegic and paraplegic varieties. The individual is forced to walk on tiptoe unless the dorsiflexor muscles are released by an orthaepedic surgical procedure. Muscle contractures of the adductors result in thighs and knees rubbing together and crossing in a manner analogous to scissors.
These features are typical, and usually result in some form and to some degree regardless of the mildness or severity of the spastic CP condition.
- rigidity and excessive adduction of the leg in swing
- plantar flexion of the ankle
- flexion at the knee
- adduction and internal rotation at the hip
- contractures of all spastic muscles
- complicated assisting movements of the upper limbs when walking [13].[14]
See Also
Sensory ataxia gait/Stomping gait
Uncoordinated walking [15] [16] [17] [18]
- Friedreich's ataxia
- Pernicious anemia
- Tabes Dorsalis (Syphilis)
Spastic gait
Asymmetric foot dragging. [19] [20]
Trendelenburg gait
- weakness of the abductor muscles of the lower limb, principally gluteus medius
Waddling/Myopathic gait
Walking like a duck. [21] [22]
Magnetic gait
Feet seem attached to floor as if by a magnet. In magnetic gait, each step is initiated in a "wresting" motion carrying feet upward and forward. Magnetic gait can be visualized in terms of a powerful magnet being forcefully pulled from a steel plate.
References
See also
External links
Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs Template:Speech and voice symptoms and signs Template:General symptoms and signs