Flurazepam hydrochloride: Difference between revisions

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|genericName=Flurazepam hydrochloride
|genericName=Flurazepam hydrochloride
|aOrAn=a
|aOrAn=a
|drugClass=Benzodiazepine
|drugClass=[[Benzodiazepine]]
|indicationType=treatment
|indicationType=treatment
|indication=*[[insomnia]]
|indication=[[insomnia]]
|adverseReactions=dizziness, drowsiness, light-headedness, staggering, ataxia, falling.
|adverseReactions=[[dizziness]], [[drowsiness]], [[light-headedness]], [[staggering]], [[ataxia]] and [[fall]]
|blackBoxWarningTitle=<b><span style="color:#FF0000;">TITLE</span></b>
|blackBoxWarningTitle=<b><span style="color:#FF0000;">TITLE</span></b>
|blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">Condition Name:</span></i> (Content)
|blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">Condition Name:</span></i> (Content)
|fdaLIADAdult=====Insomnia====
|fdaLIADAdult=====Insomnia====
*Initial dose is 15 mg for women and either 15 mg or 30 mg for men.
*The 15 mg dose can be increased to 30 mg if necessary for efficacy.
*In elderly dosage should be limited to 15 mg.
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Flurazepam hydrochloride in adult patients.
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Flurazepam hydrochloride in adult patients.
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Flurazepam hydrochloride in adult patients.
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Flurazepam hydrochloride in adult patients.
|offLabelPedGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Flurazepam hydrochloride in pediatric patients.
|offLabelPedGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Flurazepam hydrochloride in pediatric patients.
|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Flurazepam hydrochloride in pediatric patients.
|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Flurazepam hydrochloride in pediatric patients.
|contraindications=lurazepam hydrochloride capsules are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to flurazepam or other benzodiazepines. Rare cases of angioedema involving the tongue, glottis or larynx have been reported in patients after taking the first or subsequent doses of flurazepam. Some patients have had additional symptoms such as dyspnea, throat closing, or nausea and vomiting that suggest anaphylaxis. Patients who develop such reactions should not be rechallenged with flurazepam.
|contraindications=*In patients with known hypersensitivity to flurazepam or other benzodiazepines.
|warnings= CNS-Depressant Effects and Daytime Impairment
|warnings=====CNS-Depressant Effects and Daytime Impairment====
Dizziness, drowsiness, light-headedness, staggering, ataxia and falling can occur, particularly in elderly or debilitated persons. Severe sedation, lethargy, disorientation and coma, probably indicative of drug intolerance or overdosage, have been reported.
*[[Dizziness]], [[drowsiness]], [[light-headedness]], [[staggering]], [[ataxia]] and [[falling]] can occur, particularly in elderly or debilitated persons.  
*Severe [[sedation]], [[lethargy]], [[disorientation]] and [[coma]], probably indicative of drug intolerance or overdosage, have been reported.
*Flurazepam is a [[central nervous system]] ([[CNS]]) depressant and can impair daytime function even when used as prescribed.
*Prescribers should monitor for excess depressant effects, but impairment can occur in the absence of subjective symptoms, and may not be reliably detected by ordinary clinical exam (i.e., less than formal psychomotor testing). While pharmacodynamic tolerance or adaptation to some adverse depressant effects of flurazepam may develop, patients using flurazepam should be cautioned against driving or engaging in other hazardous activities or activities requiring complete mental alertness.
*Additive effects occur with concomitant use of other CNS depressants e.g., other [[benzodiazepines]], [[opioids]], [[tricyclic antidepressants]], [[alcohol]].
*Downward dose adjustment of flurazepam and concomitant CNS depressants should be considered.
*The potential for adverse drug interactions continues for several days following discontinuation of flurazepam, until serum levels of psychoactive metabolites decline.
*Use of flurazepam with other [[sedative]]-[[hypnotics]] is not recommended. *[[Alcohol]] generally should not be used during treatment with flurazepam.
*The risk of next-day psychomotor impairment is increased if flurazepam is taken with less than a full night of sleep remaining (7 to 8 hours); if higher than the recommended dose is taken; if coadministered with other [[CNS depressants]].


Flurazepam is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant and can impair daytime function even when used as prescribed. Prescribers should monitor for excess depressant effects, but impairment can occur in the absence of subjective symptoms, and may not be reliably detected by ordinary clinical exam (i.e., less than formal psychomotor testing). While pharmacodynamic tolerance or adaptation to some adverse depressant effects of flurazepam may develop, patients using flurazepam should be cautioned against driving or engaging in other hazardous activities or activities requiring complete mental alertness.
====Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Syndrome====
*[[Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome]] symptoms of the [[barbiturate]] type have occurred after the discontinuation of [[benzodiazepines]].


Additive effects occur with concomitant use of other CNS depressants (e.g., other benzodiazepines, opioids, tricyclic antidepressants, alcohol). Downward dose adjustment of flurazepam and concomitant CNS depressants should be considered. The potential for adverse drug interactions continues for several days following discontinuation of flurazepam, until serum levels of psychoactive metabolites decline.
====Need to Evaluate for Co-morbid Disorders====
*Because sleep disturbances may be the presenting manifestation of a physical and/or psychiatric disorder, symptomatic treatment of [[insomnia]] should be initiated only after a careful evaluation of the patient.  
*The failure of [[insomnia]] to remit after 7 to 10 days of treatment may indicate the presence of a primary psychiatric and/or medical illness that should be evaluated.  
*Worsening of [[insomnia]] or the emergence of new thinking or behavior abnormalities may be the consequence of an unrecognized psychiatric or physical disorder. Such findings have emerged during the course of treatment with [[sedative]]-[[hypnotic]] drugs.


Use of flurazepam with other sedative-hypnotics is not recommended. Alcohol generally should not be used during treatment with flurazepam. The risk of next-day psychomotor impairment is increased if flurazepam is taken with less than a full night of sleep remaining (7 to 8 hours); if higher than the recommended dose is taken; if coadministered with other CNS depressants [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION (2)].
====Severe Anaphylactic or Anaphylactoid Reactions====
*Rare cases of [[angioedema]] involving the [[tongue]], [[glottis]] or [[larynx]] have been reported in patients after taking the first or subsequent doses of [[sedative]]-[[hypnotics]], including flurazepam.
*Some patients have had additional symptoms such as [[dyspnea]], throat closing, or [[nausea]] and [[vomiting]] that suggest [[anaphylaxis]].
*Some patients have required medical therapy in the emergency department.  
*If [[angioedema]] involves the [[tongue]], [[glottis]] or [[larynx]], [[airway obstruction]] may occur and be fatal.
*Patients who develop [[angioedema]] after treatment with flurazepam should not be rechallenged with the drug.


5.2 Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Syndrome
====Abnormal Thinking and Behavior Changes====
Withdrawal symptoms of the barbiturate type have occurred after the discontinuation of benzodiazepines.
*Abnormal thinking and behavior changes have been reported in patients treated with [[sedative]]-[[hypnotics]] including flurazepam.
*Some of these changes include decreased inhibition (e.g., aggressiveness and extroversion that seemed out of character), bizarre behavior, and [[depersonalization]].  
*Visual and auditory [[hallucinations]] have also been reported. [[Amnesia]], and other neuro-psychiatric symptoms, may occur.
*Paradoxical reactions such as stimulation, agitation, increased muscle spasticity, and sleep disturbances may occur unpredictably.
*Complex behaviors such as "sleep-driving" (i.e., driving while not fully awake, with [[amnesia]] for the event) have been reported with use of [[sedative]]-[[hypnotics]].
*These behaviors can occur with initial treatment or in patients previously tolerant of flurazepam or other [[sedative]]-[[hypnotics]]. Although these behaviors can occur with use at therapeutic doses, risk is increased by higher doses or concomitant use of [[alcohol]] or other CNS depressants. Due to risk to the patient and community, flurazepam should be discontinued if “sleep-driving” occurs.
*Other complex behaviors (e.g., preparing and eating food, making phone calls, or having sex) have been reported in patients who are not fully awake after taking a sedative-hypnotic.
*As with sleep-driving, patients usually do not remember these events.


5.3 Need to Evaluate for Co-morbid Disorders
====Worsening of Depression====
Because sleep disturbances may be the presenting manifestation of a physical and/or psychiatric disorder, symptomatic treatment of insomnia should be initiated only after a careful evaluation of the patient. The failure of insomnia to remit after 7 to 10 days of treatment may indicate the presence of a primary psychiatric and/or medical illness that should be evaluated. Worsening of insomnia or the emergence of new thinking or behavior abnormalities may be the consequence of an unrecognized psychiatric or physical disorder. Such findings have emerged during the course of treatment with sedative-hypnotic drugs.
*[[Benzodiazepines]] may worsen [[depression]].  
*Consequently, appropriate precautions (e.g., limiting the total prescription size and increased monitoring for suicidal ideation) should be considered.
|clinicalTrials=====General====
*[[Weakness]]
*[[Irritability]]
====Nervous system====
*[[Headache]]


5.4 Severe Anaphylactic or Anaphylactoid Reactions
====Digestive system====
Rare cases of angioedema involving the tongue, glottis or larynx have been reported in patients after taking the first or subsequent doses of sedative-hypnotics, including flurazepam. Some patients have had additional symptoms such as dyspnea, throat closing, or nausea and vomiting that suggest anaphylaxis.
*[[Heartburn]]
*Upset stomach
*[[Nausea]]
*[[Vomiting]]
*[[Diarrhea]]
*[[Constipation]]
*Gastrointestinal pain


Some patients have required medical therapy in the emergency department. If angioedema involves the tongue, glottis or larynx, airway obstruction may occur and be fatal. Patients who develop angioedema after treatment with flurazepam should not be rechallenged with the drug.
====Psichiatric disorders====
*[[Nervousness]]
*Talkativeness
*Apprehension


5.5 Abnormal Thinking and Behavior Changes
====Cardiovascular system====
Abnormal thinking and behavior changes have been reported in patients treated with sedative-hypnotics including flurazepam. Some of these changes include decreased inhibition (e.g., aggressiveness and extroversion that seemed out of character), bizarre behavior, and depersonalization. Visual and auditory hallucinations have also been reported. Amnesia, and other neuro-psychiatric symptoms, may occur.
*[[Palpitations]]


Paradoxical reactions such as stimulation, agitation, increased muscle spasticity, and sleep disturbances may occur unpredictably.
====Others====
*Chest pains
*Body and joint pains
*Genitourinary complaints


Complex behaviors such as "sleep-driving" (i.e., driving while not fully awake, with amnesia for the event) have been reported with use of sedative-hypnotics. These behaviors can occur with initial treatment or in patients previously tolerant of flurazepam or other sedative-hypnotics. Although these behaviors can occur with use at therapeutic doses, risk is increased by higher doses or concomitant use of alcohol or other CNS depressants. Due to risk to the patient and community, flurazepam should be discontinued if “sleep-driving” occurs.
There have also been rare occurrences of:
*[[Leukopenia]]
*[[Granulocytopenia]]
*[[Sweating]]
*[[Flushes]]
*Difficulty in focusing
*[[Blurred vision]]
*Burning eyes
*[[Faintness]]
*[[Hypotension]]
*Shortness of breath
*[[Pruritus]]
*Skin rash
*[[Dry mouth]]
*Bitter taste
*[[Excessive salivation]]
*[[Anorexia]]
*[[Euphoria]]
*[[Depression]]
*[[Slurred speech]]
*[[Confusion]]
*[[Restlessness]]
*[[Hallucinations]]
*Elevated SGOT, SGPT, total and direct [[bilirubin]] elevations, and elevated [[alkaline phosphatase]].
|drugInteractions=*[[Benzodiazepines]], including flurazepam, produce additive [[CNS]] depressant effects when co-administered with [[ethanol]] or other [[CNS]] depressants (e.g., psychotropic medications, [[anticonvulsants]], [[antihistamines]]).
*Downward dose adjustment of flurazepam and/or concomitant [[CNS]] depressants may be necessary because of additive effects.
|FDAPregCat=C
|useInPregnancyFDA=====Teratogenic Effects====
*There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
*Available human data on the risk of [[teratogenicity]] for [[benzodiazepines]] are inconclusive.
*There is insufficient evidence in humans to assess the effect of [[benzodiazepine]] exposure during pregnancy or neurodevelopment. *Administration of [[benzodiazepines]] immediately prior to or during childbirth can result in a syndrome of [[hypothermia]], [[hypotonia]], respiratory depression, and difficulty feeding. In addition, infants born to mothers who have taken [[benzodiazepines]] during the later stages of pregnancy can develop dependence, and subsequently withdrawal, during the postnatal period.
*Administration of flurazepam to pregnant animals did not indicate a risk for adverse effects on morphological development at clinically relevant doses; however, animal data for other [[benzodiazepines]] suggest that possibility of adverse developmental effects (including long-term effects on neurobehavioral and immunological function) following prenatal exposure.
*Flurazepam should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the [[fetus]].
|AUSPregCat=C
|useInPed=*Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
|useInGeri=*Flurazepam may cause confusion and over-sedation in the elderly. Elderly patients generally should be started on a low dose of flurazepam and observed closely.
*Elderly or debilitated patients may be more sensitive to [[benzodiazepines]], reflecting the greater frequency of decreased [[hepatic]], [[renal]], or [[cardiac]] function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
|useInGender=*Flurazepam clearance is lower in women
|administration=*Oral
|monitoring=*Monitoring for suicidal ideation
*Prescribers should monitor for excess depressant effects
|overdose=*Manifestations of flurazepam hydrochloride overdosage include [[somnolence]], [[confusion]] and [[coma]].
*Respiration, pulse and blood pressure should be monitored as in all cases of drug overdosage.  
*General supportive measures should be employed, along with immediate [[gastric lavage]].
*Intravenous fluids should be administered and an adequate airway maintained.
*[[Hypotension]] and [[CNS]] depression may be combated by judicious use of appropriate therapeutic agents. The value of dialysis has not been determined. *If excitation occurs in patients following flurazepam hydrochloride overdosage, [[barbiturates]] should not be used. As with the management of intentional overdosage with any drug, it should be borne in mind that multiple agents may have been ingested.
*Flumazenil, a specific [[benzodiazepine]]-receptor [[antagonist]], is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of [[benzodiazepines]] and may be useful in situations when an overdose with a [[benzodiazepine]] is known or suspected.
*Prior to the administration of flumazenil, necessary measures should be instituted to secure airway, ventilation, and intravenous access.
*Flumazenil is intended as an adjunct to, not as a substitute for, proper management of [[benzodiazepine]] overdose.
*Patients treated with flumazenil should be monitored for resedation, respiratory depression, and other residual [[benzodiazepine]] effects for an appropriate period after treatment.  
*The prescriber should be aware of a risk of [[seizure]] in association with flumazenil treatment, particularly in long-term [[benzodiazepine]] users and in cyclic antidepressant overdose.
*The complete flumazenil package insert including CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS, and PRECAUTIONS should be consulted prior to use.
|drugBox={{Drugbox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 461102409
| IUPAC_name = 7-chloro-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
| image = Flurazepam chemical structure 2.png


Other complex behaviors (e.g., preparing and eating food, making phone calls, or having sex) have been reported in patients who are not fully awake after taking a sedative-hypnotic. As with sleep-driving, patients usually do not remember these events.
<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename = Dalmane
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|flurazepam-hydrochloride}}
| MedlinePlus = a682051
| pregnancy_category = X (Contraindicated in pregnancy)
| legal_US = Schedule IV
| routes_of_administration = Oral


5.6 Worsening of Depression
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
Benzodiazepines may worsen depression. Consequently, appropriate precautions (e.g., limiting the total prescription size and increased monitoring for suicidal ideation) should be considered.
| bioavailability = 83%
|clinicalTrials= Clinical Trials Experience
| metabolism = [[Liver|Hepatic]]
Reported were headache, heartburn, upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, gastrointestinal pain, nervousness, talkativeness, apprehension, irritability, weakness, palpitations, chest pains, body and joint pains, and genitourinary complaints. There have also been rare occurrences of leukopenia, granulocytopenia, sweating, flushes, difficulty in focusing, blurred vision, burning eyes, faintness, hypotension, shortness of breath, pruritus, skin rash, dry mouth, bitter taste, excessive salivation, anorexia, euphoria, depression, slurred speech, confusion, restlessness, hallucinations and elevated SGOT, SGPT, total and direct bilirubin elevations, and elevated alkaline phosphatase.
| elimination_half-life = 40–250 hours
|drugInteractions=Benzodiazepines, including flurazepam, produce additive CNS depressant effects when co-administered with ethanol or other CNS depressants (e.g., psychotropic medications, anticonvulsants, antihistamines). Downward dose adjustment of flurazepam and/or concomitant CNS depressants may be necessary because of additive effects.
| excretion = [[Kidney|Renal]]
|FDAPregCat=C
|useInPregnancyFDA=Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category C


There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Available human data on the risk of teratogenicity for benzodiazepines are inconclusive. There is insufficient evidence in humans to assess the effect of benzodiazepine exposure during pregnancy or neurodevelopment. Administration of benzodiazepines immediately prior to or during childbirth can result in a syndrome of hypothermia, hypotonia, respiratory depression, and difficulty feeding. In addition, infants born to mothers who have taken benzodiazepines during the later stages of pregnancy can develop dependence, and subsequently withdrawal, during the postnatal period. Administration of flurazepam to pregnant animals did not indicate a risk for adverse effects on morphological development at clinically relevant doses; however, animal data for other benzodiazepines suggest that possibility of adverse developmental effects (including long-term effects on neurobehavioral and immunological function) following prenatal exposure. Flurazepam should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
<!--Identifiers-->
|AUSPregCat=C
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|useInPed=Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
|useInGeri=Flurazepam may cause confusion and over-sedation in the elderly. Elderly patients generally should be started on a low dose of flurazepam and observed closely.
| CAS_number = 17617-23-1
| ATC_prefix = N05
| ATC_suffix = CD01
| ATC_supplemental = 
| PubChem = 3393
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00690
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 3276
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = IHP475989U
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00329
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 968
| PDB_ligand = FL7


Elderly or debilitated patients may be more sensitive to benzodiazepines, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
<!--Chemical data-->
|overdose=Manifestations of flurazepam hydrochloride overdosage include somnolence, confusion and coma. Respiration, pulse and blood pressure should be monitored as in all cases of drug overdosage. General supportive measures should be employed, along with immediate gastric lavage. Intravenous fluids should be administered and an adequate airway maintained. Hypotension and CNS depression may be combated by judicious use of appropriate therapeutic agents. The value of dialysis has not been determined. If excitation occurs in patients following flurazepam hydrochloride overdosage, barbiturates should not be used. As with the management of intentional overdosage with any drug, it should be borne in mind that multiple agents may have been ingested.
| C=21 | H=23 | Cl=1 | F=1 | N=3 | O=1
 
| molecular_weight = 387.88 g/mol
Flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepine-receptor antagonist, is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines and may be useful in situations when an overdose with a benzodiazepine is known or suspected. Prior to the administration of flumazenil, necessary measures should be instituted to secure airway, ventilation, and intravenous access. Flumazenil is intended as an adjunct to, not as a substitute for, proper management of benzodiazepine overdose. Patients treated with flumazenil should be monitored for resedation, respiratory depression, and other residual benzodiazepine effects for an appropriate period after treatment. The prescriber should be aware of a risk of seizure in association with flumazenil treatment, particularly in long-term benzodiazepine users and in cyclic antidepressant overdose. The complete flumazenil package insert including CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS, and PRECAUTIONS should be consulted prior to use.
| smiles = FC1=CC=CC=C1C2=NCC(N(CCN(CC)CC)C3=C2C=C(C=C3)Cl)=O
| InChI = 1/C21H23ClFN3O/c1-3-25(4-2)11-12-26-19-10-9-15(22)13-17(19)21(24-14-20(26)27)16-7-5-6-8-18(16)23/h5-10,13H,3-4,11-12,14H2,1-2H3
| InChIKey = SAADBVWGJQAEFS-UHFFFAOYAO
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C21H23ClFN3O/c1-3-25(4-2)11-12-26-19-10-9-15(22)13-17(19)21(24-14-20(26)27)16-7-5-6-8-18(16)23/h5-10,13H,3-4,11-12,14H2,1-2H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = SAADBVWGJQAEFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| melting_point = 79.5
}}
|mechAction=Flurazepam, like other central nervous system agents of the 1,4-benzodiazepine class, presumably exerts its effects by binding to stereo-specific receptors at several sites within the central nervous system (CNS). The exact mechanism of action is unknown.
|mechAction=Flurazepam, like other central nervous system agents of the 1,4-benzodiazepine class, presumably exerts its effects by binding to stereo-specific receptors at several sites within the central nervous system (CNS). The exact mechanism of action is unknown.
|structure=Flurazepam hydrochloride is chemically 7-chloro-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-(o-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one dihydrochloride. It is a pale yellow, crystalline compound, freely soluble in alcohol and very soluble in water. It has a molecular weight of 460.81 and the following structural formula:
|structure=Flurazepam hydrochloride is chemically 7-chloro-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-(o-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one dihydrochloride. It is a pale yellow, crystalline compound, freely soluble in alcohol and very soluble in water. It has a molecular weight of 460.81 and the following structural formula:
Line 69: Line 197:
This pharmacokinetic profile may be responsible for the clinical observation that flurazepam is increasingly effective on the second or third night of consecutive use and that for 1 or 2 nights after the drug is discontinued both sleep latency and total wake time may still be decreased.
This pharmacokinetic profile may be responsible for the clinical observation that flurazepam is increasingly effective on the second or third night of consecutive use and that for 1 or 2 nights after the drug is discontinued both sleep latency and total wake time may still be decreased.


The single dose pharmacokinetics of flurazepam were studied in 12 healthy geriatric subjects (aged 61 to 85 years). The mean elimination half-life of desalkyl-flurazepam was longer in elderly male subjects (160 hours) compared with younger male subjects (74 hours), while mean elimination half-life was similar in geriatric female subjects (120 hours) and younger female subjects (90 hours). After multiple dosing, mean steady-state plasma levels of desalkyl-flurazepam were higher in elderly male subjects (81 ng/mL) compared with younger male subjects (53 ng/mL), while values were similar between elderly female subjects (85 ng/mL) and younger female subjects (86 ng/mL). The mean washout half-life of desalkyl-flurazepam was longer in elderly male and female subjects (126 and 158 hours, respectively) compared with younger male and female subjects (111 and 113 hours, respectively)
The single dose pharmacokinetics of flurazepam were studied in 12 healthy geriatric subjects (aged 61 to 85 years). The mean elimination half-life of desalkyl-flurazepam was longer in elderly male subjects (160 hours) compared with younger male subjects (74 hours), while mean elimination half-life was similar in geriatric female subjects (120 hours) and younger female subjects (90 hours). After multiple dosing, mean steady-state plasma levels of desalkyl-flurazepam were higher in elderly male subjects (81 ng/mL) compared with younger male subjects (53 ng/mL), while values were similar between elderly female subjects (85 ng/mL) and younger female subjects (86 ng/mL). The mean washout half-life of desalkyl-flurazepam was longer in elderly male and female subjects (126 and 158 hours, respectively) compared with younger male and female subjects (111 and 113 hours, respectively).
|nonClinToxic=Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
|nonClinToxic=====Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility====
Studies to assess the genotoxic or carcinogenic potential of flurazepam or the effects of flurazepam on fertility have not been conducted.
|clinicalStudies=*Sleep laboratory studies have objectively determined that flurazepam hydrochloride capsules are effective for at least 28 consecutive nights of drug administration.
|howSupplied=====15 mg capsule====
*Is a hard-shell gelatin capsule with a white opaque cap and a powder blue opaque body filled with off-white to yellow powder. The capsule is axially printed with MYLAN over 4415 in black ink on both the cap and body.
*They are available as follows:
 
NDC 0378-4415-01
Bottles of 100 capsules
 
====30 mg capsule====
*Is a hard-shell gelatin capsule with a powder blue opaque cap and a powder blue opaque body filled with off-white to yellow powder.
*The capsule is axially printed with MYLAN over 4430 in black ink on both the cap and body.
They are available as follows:
 


Studies to assess the genotoxic or carcinogenic potential of flurazepam or the effects of flurazepam on fertility have not been conducted.
NDC 0378-4430-01
|clinicalStudies=Sleep laboratory studies have objectively determined that flurazepam hydrochloride capsules are effective for at least 28 consecutive nights of drug administration.
bottles of 100 capsules
|storage=*Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).
*Protect from light.
*Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP using a child-resistant closure.
|packLabel=[[File:Flurazepam FDA label 15mg.png|none|450px]]
|packLabel=[[File:Flurazepam FDA label 15mg.png|none|450px]]
[[File:Flurazepam FDA label 30mg.png|none|450px]]
[[File:Flurazepam FDA label 30mg.png|none|450px]]
|fdaPatientInfo=Inform patients about the benefits and risks of flurazepam, stressing the importance of use as directed. Assist patients in understanding the Medication Guide and instruct them to read it with each prescription refill.
|fdaPatientInfo=Inform patients about the benefits and risks of flurazepam, stressing the importance of use as directed. Assist patients in understanding the Medication Guide and instruct them to read it with each prescription refill.


CNS Depressant Effects and Next-Day Impairment
====CNS Depressant Effects and Next-Day Impairment====
 
Tell patients that flurazepam can cause next-day impairment, even in the absence of symptoms. Caution patients against driving or engaging in other hazardous activities or activities requiring complete mental alertness when using flurazepam. Tell patients that daytime impairment may persist for several days following discontinuation of flurazepam.
Tell patients that flurazepam can cause next-day impairment, even in the absence of symptoms. Caution patients against driving or engaging in other hazardous activities or activities requiring complete mental alertness when using flurazepam. Tell patients that daytime impairment may persist for several days following discontinuation of flurazepam.


Withdrawal
====Withdrawal====
Instruct patients to contact you before stopping or decreasing the dose of flurazepam, because [[withdrawal]] symptoms can occur.


Instruct patients to contact you before stopping or decreasing the dose of flurazepam, because withdrawal symptoms can occur.
====Abnormal Thinking and Behavior Change====
 
Instruct patients that [[sedative]] [[hypnotics]] can cause abnormal thinking and behavior change, including “sleepdriving” and other complex behaviors while not being fully awake (preparing and eating food, making phone calls, or having sex). Tell patients to call you immediately if they develop any of these symptoms.
Abnormal Thinking and Behavior Change
 
Instruct patients that sedative hypnotics can cause abnormal thinking and behavior change, including “sleepdriving” and other complex behaviors while not being fully awake (preparing and eating food, making phone calls, or having sex). Tell patients to call you immediately if they develop any of these symptoms.
 
Severe Allergic Reactions


====Severe Allergic Reactions====
Inform patients that severe allergic reactions can occur from flurazepam. Describe the signs/symptoms of these reactions and advise patients to seek medical attention immediately if these occur.
Inform patients that severe allergic reactions can occur from flurazepam. Describe the signs/symptoms of these reactions and advise patients to seek medical attention immediately if these occur.


Suicide
====Suicide====
 
Tell patients that flurazepam can worsen depression, and to immediately report any suicidal thoughts.
Tell patients that flurazepam can worsen depression, and to immediately report any suicidal thoughts.


Alcohol and Other Drugs
====Alcohol and Other Drugs====
 
Ask patients about [[alcohol]] consumption, medicines they are taking now, and drugs they may be taking without a prescription. Advise patients that [[alcohol]] generally should not be used during treatment with flurazepam.
Ask patients about alcohol consumption, medicines they are taking now, and drugs they may be taking without a prescription. Advise patients that alcohol generally should not be used during treatment with flurazepam.
 
Pregnancy


====Pregnancy====
Instruct patients to inform you if they are nursing or pregnant, or may become pregnant while taking flurazepam. If a woman becomes pregnant while taking flurazepam, she should discontinue use immediately.
Instruct patients to inform you if they are nursing or pregnant, or may become pregnant while taking flurazepam. If a woman becomes pregnant while taking flurazepam, she should discontinue use immediately.


Tolerance, Abuse, and Dependence
====Tolerance, Abuse, and Dependence====
 
Tell patients not to increase the dose of flurazepam on their own, and to inform you if they believe the drug “does not work”.
Tell patients not to increase the dose of flurazepam on their own, and to inform you if they believe the drug “does not work”.
|alcohol=*Additive effects occur with concomitant use of alcohol.
|alcohol=*Additive effects occur with concomitant use of alcohol.
*Sleep driving and other complex behaviors while not fully awake: Risk increases with dose and concomitant CNS depressants and alcohol.  
*Sleep driving and other complex behaviors while not fully awake: Risk increases with dose and concomitant [[CNS]] depressants and [[alcohol]].
|brandNames=*Dalmane
|brandNames=*Dalmane<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=2f2db2f5-49d3-4d47-a08a-628df49d2120|title= FLURAZEPAM HYDROCHLORIDE- flurazepam hydrochloride capsule}} </ref>
}}
}}
{{LabelImage
{{LabelImage

Latest revision as of 14:17, 22 January 2015

Flurazepam hydrochloride
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Stefano Giannoni [2]

Disclaimer

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Overview

Flurazepam hydrochloride is a Benzodiazepine that is FDA approved for the treatment of insomnia. Common adverse reactions include dizziness, drowsiness, light-headedness, staggering, ataxia and fall.

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Insomnia

  • Initial dose is 15 mg for women and either 15 mg or 30 mg for men.
  • The 15 mg dose can be increased to 30 mg if necessary for efficacy.
  • In elderly dosage should be limited to 15 mg.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Flurazepam hydrochloride in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Flurazepam hydrochloride in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

There is limited information regarding Flurazepam hydrochloride FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric) in the drug label.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Flurazepam hydrochloride in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Flurazepam hydrochloride in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

  • In patients with known hypersensitivity to flurazepam or other benzodiazepines.

Warnings

CNS-Depressant Effects and Daytime Impairment

  • Dizziness, drowsiness, light-headedness, staggering, ataxia and falling can occur, particularly in elderly or debilitated persons.
  • Severe sedation, lethargy, disorientation and coma, probably indicative of drug intolerance or overdosage, have been reported.
  • Flurazepam is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant and can impair daytime function even when used as prescribed.
  • Prescribers should monitor for excess depressant effects, but impairment can occur in the absence of subjective symptoms, and may not be reliably detected by ordinary clinical exam (i.e., less than formal psychomotor testing). While pharmacodynamic tolerance or adaptation to some adverse depressant effects of flurazepam may develop, patients using flurazepam should be cautioned against driving or engaging in other hazardous activities or activities requiring complete mental alertness.
  • Additive effects occur with concomitant use of other CNS depressants e.g., other benzodiazepines, opioids, tricyclic antidepressants, alcohol.
  • Downward dose adjustment of flurazepam and concomitant CNS depressants should be considered.
  • The potential for adverse drug interactions continues for several days following discontinuation of flurazepam, until serum levels of psychoactive metabolites decline.
  • Use of flurazepam with other sedative-hypnotics is not recommended. *Alcohol generally should not be used during treatment with flurazepam.
  • The risk of next-day psychomotor impairment is increased if flurazepam is taken with less than a full night of sleep remaining (7 to 8 hours); if higher than the recommended dose is taken; if coadministered with other CNS depressants.

Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Syndrome

Need to Evaluate for Co-morbid Disorders

  • Because sleep disturbances may be the presenting manifestation of a physical and/or psychiatric disorder, symptomatic treatment of insomnia should be initiated only after a careful evaluation of the patient.
  • The failure of insomnia to remit after 7 to 10 days of treatment may indicate the presence of a primary psychiatric and/or medical illness that should be evaluated.
  • Worsening of insomnia or the emergence of new thinking or behavior abnormalities may be the consequence of an unrecognized psychiatric or physical disorder. Such findings have emerged during the course of treatment with sedative-hypnotic drugs.

Severe Anaphylactic or Anaphylactoid Reactions

Abnormal Thinking and Behavior Changes

  • Abnormal thinking and behavior changes have been reported in patients treated with sedative-hypnotics including flurazepam.
  • Some of these changes include decreased inhibition (e.g., aggressiveness and extroversion that seemed out of character), bizarre behavior, and depersonalization.
  • Visual and auditory hallucinations have also been reported. Amnesia, and other neuro-psychiatric symptoms, may occur.
  • Paradoxical reactions such as stimulation, agitation, increased muscle spasticity, and sleep disturbances may occur unpredictably.
  • Complex behaviors such as "sleep-driving" (i.e., driving while not fully awake, with amnesia for the event) have been reported with use of sedative-hypnotics.
  • These behaviors can occur with initial treatment or in patients previously tolerant of flurazepam or other sedative-hypnotics. Although these behaviors can occur with use at therapeutic doses, risk is increased by higher doses or concomitant use of alcohol or other CNS depressants. Due to risk to the patient and community, flurazepam should be discontinued if “sleep-driving” occurs.
  • Other complex behaviors (e.g., preparing and eating food, making phone calls, or having sex) have been reported in patients who are not fully awake after taking a sedative-hypnotic.
  • As with sleep-driving, patients usually do not remember these events.

Worsening of Depression

  • Benzodiazepines may worsen depression.
  • Consequently, appropriate precautions (e.g., limiting the total prescription size and increased monitoring for suicidal ideation) should be considered.

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

General

Nervous system

Digestive system

Psichiatric disorders

Cardiovascular system

Others

  • Chest pains
  • Body and joint pains
  • Genitourinary complaints

There have also been rare occurrences of:

Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Flurazepam hydrochloride Postmarketing Experience in the drug label.

Drug Interactions

  • Benzodiazepines, including flurazepam, produce additive CNS depressant effects when co-administered with ethanol or other CNS depressants (e.g., psychotropic medications, anticonvulsants, antihistamines).
  • Downward dose adjustment of flurazepam and/or concomitant CNS depressants may be necessary because of additive effects.

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA): C

Teratogenic Effects

  • There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
  • Available human data on the risk of teratogenicity for benzodiazepines are inconclusive.
  • There is insufficient evidence in humans to assess the effect of benzodiazepine exposure during pregnancy or neurodevelopment. *Administration of benzodiazepines immediately prior to or during childbirth can result in a syndrome of hypothermia, hypotonia, respiratory depression, and difficulty feeding. In addition, infants born to mothers who have taken benzodiazepines during the later stages of pregnancy can develop dependence, and subsequently withdrawal, during the postnatal period.
  • Administration of flurazepam to pregnant animals did not indicate a risk for adverse effects on morphological development at clinically relevant doses; however, animal data for other benzodiazepines suggest that possibility of adverse developmental effects (including long-term effects on neurobehavioral and immunological function) following prenatal exposure.
  • Flurazepam should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.


Pregnancy Category (AUS): C There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Flurazepam hydrochloride in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Flurazepam hydrochloride during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Flurazepam hydrochloride in women who are nursing.

Pediatric Use

  • Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatic Use

  • Flurazepam may cause confusion and over-sedation in the elderly. Elderly patients generally should be started on a low dose of flurazepam and observed closely.
  • Elderly or debilitated patients may be more sensitive to benzodiazepines, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

Gender

  • Flurazepam clearance is lower in women

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Flurazepam hydrochloride with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Flurazepam hydrochloride in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Flurazepam hydrochloride in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Flurazepam hydrochloride in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Flurazepam hydrochloride in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

  • Oral

Monitoring

  • Monitoring for suicidal ideation
  • Prescribers should monitor for excess depressant effects

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding the compatibility of Flurazepam hydrochloride and IV administrations.

Overdosage

  • Manifestations of flurazepam hydrochloride overdosage include somnolence, confusion and coma.
  • Respiration, pulse and blood pressure should be monitored as in all cases of drug overdosage.
  • General supportive measures should be employed, along with immediate gastric lavage.
  • Intravenous fluids should be administered and an adequate airway maintained.
  • Hypotension and CNS depression may be combated by judicious use of appropriate therapeutic agents. The value of dialysis has not been determined. *If excitation occurs in patients following flurazepam hydrochloride overdosage, barbiturates should not be used. As with the management of intentional overdosage with any drug, it should be borne in mind that multiple agents may have been ingested.
  • Flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepine-receptor antagonist, is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines and may be useful in situations when an overdose with a benzodiazepine is known or suspected.
  • Prior to the administration of flumazenil, necessary measures should be instituted to secure airway, ventilation, and intravenous access.
  • Flumazenil is intended as an adjunct to, not as a substitute for, proper management of benzodiazepine overdose.
  • Patients treated with flumazenil should be monitored for resedation, respiratory depression, and other residual benzodiazepine effects for an appropriate period after treatment.
  • The prescriber should be aware of a risk of seizure in association with flumazenil treatment, particularly in long-term benzodiazepine users and in cyclic antidepressant overdose.
  • The complete flumazenil package insert including CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS, and PRECAUTIONS should be consulted prior to use.

Pharmacology

Flurazepam hydrochloride
Clinical data
Trade namesDalmane
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682051
Pregnancy
category
  • X (Contraindicated in pregnancy)
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability83%
MetabolismHepatic
Elimination half-life40–250 hours
ExcretionRenal
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
PDB ligand
E number{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard{{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC21H23ClFN3O
Molar mass387.88 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point79.5 °C (175.1 °F)
  (verify)

Mechanism of Action

Flurazepam, like other central nervous system agents of the 1,4-benzodiazepine class, presumably exerts its effects by binding to stereo-specific receptors at several sites within the central nervous system (CNS). The exact mechanism of action is unknown.

Structure

Flurazepam hydrochloride is chemically 7-chloro-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-(o-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one dihydrochloride. It is a pale yellow, crystalline compound, freely soluble in alcohol and very soluble in water. It has a molecular weight of 460.81 and the following structural formula:

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Flurazepam hydrochloride Pharmacodynamics in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

Flurazepam hydrochloride is rapidly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. Flurazepam is rapidly metabolized and is excreted primarily in the urine. Following a single oral dose, peak flurazepam plasma concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 ng/mL occur at 30 to 60 minutes post-dosing. The harmonic mean apparent half-life of flurazepam is 2.3 hours. The blood level profile of flurazepam and its major metabolites was determined in man following the oral administration of 30 mg daily for 2 weeks. The N1-hydroxyethyl-flurazepam was measurable only during the early hours after a 30 mg dose and was not detectable after 24 hours. The major metabolite in blood was N1-desalkyl-flurazepam, which reached steady-state (plateau) levels after 7 to 10 days of dosing, at levels approximately 5- to 6-fold greater than the 24-hour levels observed on Day 1. The half-life of elimination of N1-desalkyl-flurazepam ranged from 47 to 100 hours. The major urinary metabolite is conjugated N1-hydroxyethyl-flurazepam which accounts for 22% to 55% of the dose. Less than 1% of the dose is excreted in the urine as N1-desalkyl-flurazepam.

This pharmacokinetic profile may be responsible for the clinical observation that flurazepam is increasingly effective on the second or third night of consecutive use and that for 1 or 2 nights after the drug is discontinued both sleep latency and total wake time may still be decreased.

The single dose pharmacokinetics of flurazepam were studied in 12 healthy geriatric subjects (aged 61 to 85 years). The mean elimination half-life of desalkyl-flurazepam was longer in elderly male subjects (160 hours) compared with younger male subjects (74 hours), while mean elimination half-life was similar in geriatric female subjects (120 hours) and younger female subjects (90 hours). After multiple dosing, mean steady-state plasma levels of desalkyl-flurazepam were higher in elderly male subjects (81 ng/mL) compared with younger male subjects (53 ng/mL), while values were similar between elderly female subjects (85 ng/mL) and younger female subjects (86 ng/mL). The mean washout half-life of desalkyl-flurazepam was longer in elderly male and female subjects (126 and 158 hours, respectively) compared with younger male and female subjects (111 and 113 hours, respectively).

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Studies to assess the genotoxic or carcinogenic potential of flurazepam or the effects of flurazepam on fertility have not been conducted.

Clinical Studies

  • Sleep laboratory studies have objectively determined that flurazepam hydrochloride capsules are effective for at least 28 consecutive nights of drug administration.

How Supplied

15 mg capsule

  • Is a hard-shell gelatin capsule with a white opaque cap and a powder blue opaque body filled with off-white to yellow powder. The capsule is axially printed with MYLAN over 4415 in black ink on both the cap and body.
  • They are available as follows:

NDC 0378-4415-01 Bottles of 100 capsules

30 mg capsule

  • Is a hard-shell gelatin capsule with a powder blue opaque cap and a powder blue opaque body filled with off-white to yellow powder.
  • The capsule is axially printed with MYLAN over 4430 in black ink on both the cap and body.

They are available as follows:


NDC 0378-4430-01 bottles of 100 capsules

Storage

  • Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).
  • Protect from light.
  • Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP using a child-resistant closure.

Images

Drug Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Flurazepam hydrochloride |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}

Package and Label Display Panel

{{#ask: Label Page::Flurazepam hydrochloride |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}

Patient Counseling Information

Inform patients about the benefits and risks of flurazepam, stressing the importance of use as directed. Assist patients in understanding the Medication Guide and instruct them to read it with each prescription refill.

CNS Depressant Effects and Next-Day Impairment

Tell patients that flurazepam can cause next-day impairment, even in the absence of symptoms. Caution patients against driving or engaging in other hazardous activities or activities requiring complete mental alertness when using flurazepam. Tell patients that daytime impairment may persist for several days following discontinuation of flurazepam.

Withdrawal

Instruct patients to contact you before stopping or decreasing the dose of flurazepam, because withdrawal symptoms can occur.

Abnormal Thinking and Behavior Change

Instruct patients that sedative hypnotics can cause abnormal thinking and behavior change, including “sleepdriving” and other complex behaviors while not being fully awake (preparing and eating food, making phone calls, or having sex). Tell patients to call you immediately if they develop any of these symptoms.

Severe Allergic Reactions

Inform patients that severe allergic reactions can occur from flurazepam. Describe the signs/symptoms of these reactions and advise patients to seek medical attention immediately if these occur.

Suicide

Tell patients that flurazepam can worsen depression, and to immediately report any suicidal thoughts.

Alcohol and Other Drugs

Ask patients about alcohol consumption, medicines they are taking now, and drugs they may be taking without a prescription. Advise patients that alcohol generally should not be used during treatment with flurazepam.

Pregnancy

Instruct patients to inform you if they are nursing or pregnant, or may become pregnant while taking flurazepam. If a woman becomes pregnant while taking flurazepam, she should discontinue use immediately.

Tolerance, Abuse, and Dependence

Tell patients not to increase the dose of flurazepam on their own, and to inform you if they believe the drug “does not work”.

Precautions with Alcohol

  • Additive effects occur with concomitant use of alcohol.
  • Sleep driving and other complex behaviors while not fully awake: Risk increases with dose and concomitant CNS depressants and alcohol.

Brand Names

Look-Alike Drug Names

There is limited information regarding Flurazepam hydrochloride Look-Alike Drug Names in the drug label.

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

  1. ↑ "FLURAZEPAM HYDROCHLORIDE- flurazepam hydrochloride capsule".

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