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General imaging guidelinesTransvaginal ultrasound is the initial imaging investigation of choice for patients presenting with the usual symptom of a postmenopausal bleed. A thickened endometrium requires endometrial sampling.
==Overview==
On transvaginal ultrasound, endometrial cancer is characterized by thickening of the [[endometrium]] and disruption of a subendometrial halo.


Staging of endometrial carcinoma is a based on the FIGO staging system, which is a surgical and pathological staging following total abdominal hysterectomy, salpingo-oopherectomy, lymphadenectomy and peritoneal washings. Such radical surgery may not be suitable in elderly patients or those with co-morbidities. MRI has role in these patients in determining tumour extent and suitable therapy.
==Transvaginal ultrasound==
* Transvaginal ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of endometrial cancer include:<ref name="pmid29131769">{{cite journal| author=Gupta A, Desai A, Bhatt S| title=Imaging of the Endometrium: Physiologic Changes and Diseases: Women's Imaging. | journal=Radiographics | year= 2017 | volume= 37 | issue= 7 | pages= 2206-2207 | pmid=29131769 | doi=10.1148/rg.2017170008 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29131769  }} </ref>
** Thickening of the [[endometrium]]
*** Premenopausal women have endometrial thickness that varies through the menstrual cycle
*** Postmenopausal women show increased thickness > 5mm
*** Thickness > 8mm is seen in postmenopausal women taking tamoxifen


Transvaginal ultrasound
* Disruption of a subendometrial halo on ultrasound may be suggestive of myometrial involvement.


Endometrial carcinoma usually appears as thickening of the endometrium though may appear as a polypoid mass
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


premenopausal: normal endometrial thickness varies through the menstrual cycle
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
diagnosing abnormally thickened endometrium depends on knowing what the patient's point in the menstrual cycle
{{WikiDoc Sources}}


postmenopausal: >5 mm is thickened (if not on Tamoxifen)
[[Category:Gynecology]]
 
[[Category:Disease]]
Sonographic features are non specific and endometrial thickening can also be due to benign proliferation, endometrial hyperplasia or polyps.
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
 
[[Category:Oncology]]
Disruption of a subendometrial halo on ultrasound may be suggestive of myometrial involvement.
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category:Surgery]]

Latest revision as of 14:55, 29 November 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]Roukoz A. Karam, M.D.[3]

Overview

On transvaginal ultrasound, endometrial cancer is characterized by thickening of the endometrium and disruption of a subendometrial halo.

Transvaginal ultrasound

  • Transvaginal ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of endometrial cancer include:[1]
    • Thickening of the endometrium
      • Premenopausal women have endometrial thickness that varies through the menstrual cycle
      • Postmenopausal women show increased thickness > 5mm
      • Thickness > 8mm is seen in postmenopausal women taking tamoxifen
  • Disruption of a subendometrial halo on ultrasound may be suggestive of myometrial involvement.

References

  1. Gupta A, Desai A, Bhatt S (2017). "Imaging of the Endometrium: Physiologic Changes and Diseases: Women's Imaging". Radiographics. 37 (7): 2206–2207. doi:10.1148/rg.2017170008. PMID 29131769.


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