Diabetes mellitus type 1 risk factors

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Case #1

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Patient Information Type 1 Type 2
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Classification Diabetes mellitus type 1 Diabetes mellitus type 2 Gestational diabetes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Risk Factors

Risk factors for type 1 DM include:

• Family history: risk of developing type 1 DM in close relatives of a patient with type 1 DM
• Genetics: The presence of certain genes assoicated with an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes.
• Geography: Risk increases with increase in distance from equator

• Congenital rubella infection
• Maternal entero-viral infection
• Cesarean section
• Higher birth weight
• Older maternal age
• Low maternal intake of vegetables
• Enteroviral infection
• Frequent respiratory or enteric infections
• Abnormal microbiome
• Early exposure to cereals, root vegetables, eggs and cow's milk
• Infant weight gain
• Serious life events
• Persistent or recurrent entero-viral infections
• Overweight or increased height velocity

• High glycemic load, fructose intake
• Dietary nitrates or nitrosamines
• Puberty
• Steroid treatment
• Insulin resistance
• Psychological stress
• Low vitamin D levels