Coronary angiography
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: coronary arteriography, cardiac arteriography, cardiac angiogram, coronary angio, coronary artery angio, coronary cath, cardiac cath
General Principles
Equipment and Technique
Angiographic Core Lab Definitions
- Definitions of commonly used terms
- Angiographic film quality
Coronary Anatomy
- Normal coronary anatomy:
- Coronary arteries
- Left coronary artery | Left main coronary artery | Left anterior descending artery | Left circumflex artery | Ramus intermedius
- Right coronary artery
- Coronary artery dominance
- Abnormal coronary anatomy:
Projection Angles
- Essentials of optimal coronary angiographic projections
- Standard angiographic views
- Left coronary artery
- Right coronary artery
Assessment of the Culprit Lesion Location
Culprit lesion location | Disease extent | Dominance | Segmental coronary anatomy (branchpoint/bifurcation) | Location of the lesion within the segment (ostial/anastomotic) | Collaterals | Count of branch proximal and diustal to the lesion
Assessment of Perfusion
How to Assess Epicardial Coronary Blood Flow
- TIMI flow grade: TIMI flow grade 0 | TIMI flow grade 1 | TIMI flow grade 2 | TIMI flow grade 3
- TIMI frame count (TFC)
How to Assess Myocardial Perfusion
- TIMI myocardial perfusion grade: TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 0 | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 1 | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 2 | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3
Assessment of Lesion Morphology
Lesion Complexity
- ACC-AHA characteristics of type A, B, and C coronary lesions
- Risk assessment using lesion morphologic criteria
Thrombus Grade
- PERFUSE thrombus grade: PERFUSE thrombus grade 0 | PERFUSE thrombus grade 1 | PERFUSE thrombus grade 2 | PERFUSE thrombus grade 3 | PERFUSE thrombus grade 4 | PERFUSE thrombus grade 5 | PERFUSE thrombus grade 6
Lesion Morphology
- Quantitative angiography: Minimal lumen diameter • Percent stenosis • Reference diameter • Lesion length • Residual stenosis • Average reference segment diameter • Plaque area • Plaque volume •
- Definitions of Preprocedural Lesion Morphology
- Myocardial bridge
- Irregular lesion
- Disease extent
- Arterial foreshortening
- Infarct related artery (Culprit lesion)
- Reocclusion
- Restenosis
- Degenerated saphenous vein graft
- Coronary artery fistula
- Collaterals
- Coronary artery dissection
- Coronary artery calcification
- Coronary artery ulceration
- Coronary artery aneurysm
- Coronary artery turtuosity
- Coronary artery bifurcation
- Coronary artery trifurcation
- Coronary artery vasospasm
Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Angiography in PCI
Diagnostic Catheterization
Risk Stratification and the Benefits of PCI vs Medical Therapy | Conscious Sedation | Preparation of the Patient for Diagnostic Catheterization | Technical Aspects of the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory | Obtaining Venous and Arterial Access | Equipment Used in Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterizaiton | Hemodynamic Assessment in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory | Radiation Safety
Therapeutic Catheterization
Therapeutic procedures | Advances in catheter based physical treatments
PCI in Specific Lesion Types
Classification of the Lesion | The Calcified Lesion | The Ostial Lesion | The Angulated or Tortuous Lesion | The Bifurcation Lesion | The Long Lesion | The Bridge Lesion | Vasospasm | The Chronic Total Occlusion | The Left Internal Mammary Artery | Multivessel Disease | Distal Anastomotic Lesions | Left Main Intervention | The Thrombotic Lesion
PCI Complications
Vessel Perforation | Dissection | Distal Embolization | No-reflow | Abrupt Closure | Restenosis | Late Acquired Stent Malapposition | Loss of Side Branch | Multiple Complications | Coronary stent thrombosis | Slow flow | Pulsatile flow | Flow deceleration | Ectasia | Intimal flap | Staining
To be redirected
List of all specific lesion types | Bifurcated lesion | Calcified lesion | Chronic total occlusion | Distal anastomotic lesion | Irregular lesion | Left internal mammary artery | Long lesion | Multivessel disease | Myocardial Bridge lesion | Ostial lesion | Coronary angiography pulsatile flow | Thrombotic lesion | Torturous or angulated lesion | Ulcerated lesion | vasospasm
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