Chronic renal failure physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Chronic renal failure causes disturbances in not only the filtration function of the kidney, but also on normal functioning of virtually every organ in the body.
Signs
| Improves with optimal program of dialysis and related therapy | Persists or worsens after optimal program of dialysis and related therapy | Develops only after initiation of dialysis therapy | |
| Fluid and Electrolytes | Volume expansion, Hyponatremia, Hyperkalemia, Hyperphosphatemia | ||
| Endocrine-Metabolic disturbances | Secondary hyperparathyroidism, Vitamin-D deficient osteomalacia, Carbohydrate resistance, Hyperuricemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Protein energy malnutrition, Amenorrhea | Secondary hyperparathyroidism, Hyperuricemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Increased lipoprotein A levels, Decreased HDL levels, Protein energy malnutrition, Impaired growth and development, Infertility and sexual dysfunction, Amenorrhea, Beta 2 microglobulin associated amyloidosis | Adynamic bone, Beta 2 microglobulin associated amyloidosis |
| Neuromuscular disturbances | Fatigue, Impaired mentation, Lethargy, Asterixis, Peripheral neuropathy, Restless leg syndrome, Myoclonus, Seizures, Coma | Sleep disorders, Headache, Peripheral neuropathy, Restless leg syndrome, Seizures, Muscle cramps, Myopathy | Muscle cramps, Myopathy |
| Cardiovacsular and Pulmonary | Systemic hypertension, Congestive heart failure, Pulmonary edema, Pericarditis, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Dilated cardiopathy, Uremic lung | Systemic hypertension, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Accelerated atherosclerosis | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Accelerated atherosclerosis, Hypotension and arrhythmias |
| Dermatology | Pallor, Hyperpigmentation, Ecchymoses, Uremic frost | Pruritis, Hyperpigmentation | Hyperpigmentation, Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy |
| Gastro-intestinal disturbances | Anorexia, Nausea and vomiting, Gastroenteritis, Peptic ulcer, Gastrointestinal bleeding | Peptic ulcer, Gastrointestinal bleeding | Gastrointestinal bleeding, Idiopathic ascites, Peritonitis |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes | ||
| Genetic | No underlying causes | ||
| Hematologic | No underlying causes | ||
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes | ||
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |