Cholangitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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***72% of acute cholangitis patients | ***72% of acute cholangitis patients | ||
***44% of chronic cholangitis patients | ***44% of chronic cholangitis patients | ||
***50% of patients with biliary obstruction | ***50% of patients with [[biliary obstruction]] | ||
*The bacteria in bile are identified in 90% of patients with [[choledocholithiasis]], accompanied by [[jaundice]]. | *The [[bacteria]] in bile are identified in 90% of patients with [[choledocholithiasis]], accompanied by [[jaundice]]. | ||
*Patients with incomplete obstruction of the [[bile duct]] present with a higher positive bile culture rate than those with complete obstruction of the bile duct.<ref name="pmid17252293">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kimura Y, Takada T, Kawarada Y, Nimura Y, Hirata K, Sekimoto M, Yoshida M, Mayumi T, Wada K, Miura F, Yasuda H, Yamashita Y, Nagino M, Hirota M, Tanaka A, Tsuyuguchi T, Strasberg SM, Gadacz TR |title=Definitions, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines |journal=J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=15–26 |year=2007 |pmid=17252293 |pmc=2784509 |doi=10.1007/s00534-006-1152-y |url=}}</ref> | *Patients with incomplete obstruction of the [[bile duct]] present with a higher positive bile culture rate than those with complete obstruction of the bile duct.<ref name="pmid17252293">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kimura Y, Takada T, Kawarada Y, Nimura Y, Hirata K, Sekimoto M, Yoshida M, Mayumi T, Wada K, Miura F, Yasuda H, Yamashita Y, Nagino M, Hirota M, Tanaka A, Tsuyuguchi T, Strasberg SM, Gadacz TR |title=Definitions, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines |journal=J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=15–26 |year=2007 |pmid=17252293 |pmc=2784509 |doi=10.1007/s00534-006-1152-y |url=}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 19:46, 20 September 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farwa Haideri [2]
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Overview
Common risk factors in the development of cholangitis are gallstones, sclerosing cholangitis, and HIV. Variations in treatment and risk factors influence mortality rates in patients with cholangitis, and these rates indicate the necessity for standardized diagnostic, treatment, and severity assessment criteria.
Risk Factors
- Advanced age (greater than 70 years of age), neurologic disease, and periampullary diverticula are risk factors for development of cholangitis in patients with biliary stones.[1]
- The bile of healthy individuals is generally aseptic.[2]
- Bile culture is positive for microorganisms in:
- 16% of patients undergoing a non-biliary operation
- 72% of acute cholangitis patients
- 44% of chronic cholangitis patients
- 50% of patients with biliary obstruction
- Bile culture is positive for microorganisms in:
- The bacteria in bile are identified in 90% of patients with choledocholithiasis, accompanied by jaundice.
- Patients with incomplete obstruction of the bile duct present with a higher positive bile culture rate than those with complete obstruction of the bile duct.[2]
Other common risk factors for cholangitis include:[3][4]
- Previous history of gallstones
- A history of sclerosing cholangitis
- HIV
- Narrowing of the common bile duct due to cancer
- Traveling to countries where you might catch a worm or parasite infection
- Presence of liver abscess
- Acute renal failure
References
- ↑ Catalano O, Sahani DV, Forcione DG (2009). "Biliary Infections: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Management". RadioGraphics. 29 (4): 2059–80. PMID http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.297095051 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kimura Y, Takada T, Kawarada Y, Nimura Y, Hirata K, Sekimoto M, Yoshida M, Mayumi T, Wada K, Miura F, Yasuda H, Yamashita Y, Nagino M, Hirota M, Tanaka A, Tsuyuguchi T, Strasberg SM, Gadacz TR (2007). "Definitions, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines". J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 14 (1): 15–26. doi:10.1007/s00534-006-1152-y. PMC 2784509. PMID 17252293.
- ↑ Lai EC, Tam PC, Paterson IA, Ng MM, Fan ST, Choi TK, Wong J (1990). "Emergency surgery for severe acute cholangitis. The high-risk patients". Ann. Surg. 211 (1): 55–9. PMC 1357893. PMID 2294844.
- ↑ Gigot JF, Leese T, Dereme T, Coutinho J, Castaing D, Bismuth H (1989). "Acute cholangitis. Multivariate analysis of risk factors". Ann. Surg. 209 (4): 435–8. PMC 1493983. PMID 2930289.