Cholangitis risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2], Farwa Haideri [3]
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Overview
The common risk factors in the development of cholangitis are dilatation of common bile duct, CBD stones, gallstones, sclerosing cholangitis, and HIV.
Risk factors
Common risk factors
Common risk factors in the development of cholangitis include:[1][2][3][4]
- Surgery of the biliary tract[5]
- Dilatation of common bile duct (CBD)
- Previous history of gallstones
- Large CBD stones
- A history of sclerosing cholangitis
- Advanced age (>70 years of age)
- Procedure like ERCP[6]
Less common risk factors
Less common risk factors in the development of cholangitis include:[1][2][3][4]
- HIV
- Neurologic disease
- Narrowing of the common bile duct due to cancer
- Traveling to countries where you might catch a worm or parasite infection
- Presence of liver abscess
- Acute renal failure
- Periampullary diverticula
The bile of healthy individuals is generally aseptic.[7]
- Bile culture is positive for microorganisms in:
- 16% of patients undergoing a non-biliary operation
- 72% of acute cholangitis patients
- 44% of chronic cholangitis patients
- 50% of patients with biliary obstruction
- The bacteria in bile are identified in 90% of patients with choledocholithiasis, accompanied by jaundice.
- Patients with incomplete obstruction of the bile duct present with a higher positive bile culture rate than those with complete obstruction of the bile duct.[7]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lai EC, Tam PC, Paterson IA, Ng MM, Fan ST, Choi TK, Wong J (1990). "Emergency surgery for severe acute cholangitis. The high-risk patients". Ann. Surg. 211 (1): 55–9. PMC 1357893. PMID 2294844.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gigot JF, Leese T, Dereme T, Coutinho J, Castaing D, Bismuth H (1989). "Acute cholangitis. Multivariate analysis of risk factors". Ann. Surg. 209 (4): 435–8. PMC 1493983. PMID 2930289.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Catalano, Onofrio A.; Sahani, Dushyant V.; Forcione, David G.; Czermak, Benedikt; Liu, Chang-Hsien; Soricelli, Andrea; Arellano, Ronald S.; Muller, Peter R.; Hahn, Peter F. (2009). "Biliary Infections: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Management". RadioGraphics. 29 (7): 2059–2080. doi:10.1148/rg.297095051. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Yamamoto, Ryuichi; Ishida, Shuko; Osafune, Yasuyo; Takahashi, Masatomo; Harada, Maiko; Kato, Shingo; Nagoshi, Sumiko; Nishikawa, Ko; Yakabi, Koji (2013). "Su1416 Risk Factors for Acute Cholangitis Caused by Common Bile Duct Stone: a Single-Center Study". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 77 (5): AB316–AB317. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2013.03.1069. ISSN 0016-5107.
- ↑ Cybulski Z, Solarski J, Majewski W (1994). "[Infection as a risk factor in biliary system surgery]". Wiad Lek. 47 (15–16): 619–24. PMID 7716962.
- ↑ Sauter G, Ruckdeschel G, Sauerbruch T (1992). "[Antibiotic prevention and therapy of infectious complications in ERCP]". Leber Magen Darm. 22 (5): 173–6. PMID 1406012.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kimura Y, Takada T, Kawarada Y, Nimura Y, Hirata K, Sekimoto M, Yoshida M, Mayumi T, Wada K, Miura F, Yasuda H, Yamashita Y, Nagino M, Hirota M, Tanaka A, Tsuyuguchi T, Strasberg SM, Gadacz TR (2007). "Definitions, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines". J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 14 (1): 15–26. doi:10.1007/s00534-006-1152-y. PMC 2784509. PMID 17252293.