Cholangitis historical perspective
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farwa Haideri [2]
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Overview
First credited by Dr. Jean-Martin Charcot of Paris, Charcot's triad of fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain is the classical presentation of cholangitis. By adding septic shock and mental status changes to the list of symptoms, Dr. Reynolds and Dr. Dargan changed Charcot's triad to Reynold's pentad. Until 1968, treatment of cholangitis was predominantly surgery, with exploration of the bile duct and excision of gallstones, until the ascendancy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
Historical Perspective
- In 1877, at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, France, Dr. Jean-Martin Charcot was first credited with early reports of cholangitis.[1]
- He initially referred to this condition as a triad of three symptoms: pain, fever, and jaundice.
- In 1959, American surgeon Dr. Benedict M. Reynolds ignited interest in the condition with his report with colleague Dr. Everett L. Dargan.[2]
- The report discussed that the condition was one generally treated by surgeons, as an exploration of the bile duct and excision of gallstones.
- Reynolds and Dargan recognized that septic shock and mental status changes portended a poor outcome.[3] [4] [5] [6]
- The addition of these two symptoms changed the name from Charcot's triad to Reynold's pentad.
- This remained the case until the ascendancy of ERCP in 1968.
References
- ↑ Kimura Y, Takada T, Kawarada Y, Nimura Y, Hirata K, Sekimoto M, Yoshida M, Mayumi T, Wada K, Miura F, Yasuda H, Yamashita Y, Nagino M, Hirota M, Tanaka A, Tsuyuguchi T, Strasberg SM, Gadacz TR (2007). "Definitions, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines". J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 14 (1): 15–26. doi:10.1007/s00534-006-1152-y. PMC 2784509. PMID 17252293.
- ↑ REYNOLDS BM, DARGAN EL (1959). "Acute obstructive cholangitis; a distinct clinical syndrome". Ann. Surg. 150 (2): 299–303. PMC 1613362. PMID 13670595.
- ↑ Kadakia S. Biliary Tract Emergencies. Med Clin North Amer. 1993, 77(5) 1015-1036. PMID 8371614
- ↑ Carpenter H. Bacterial and Parasitic Cholangitis. May Clin Proc. 1998, 73:473-478. PMID 9581592
- ↑ Leese T, Neoptolemos JP, Baker AR. Management of acute cholangitis and the impact of endoscopic sphincterotomy. Br J Surg. 1986, 73:988. PMID 3790964
- ↑ Lai ECS, Mok FPT, Tan ESY. Endoscopic biliary drainage for severe acute cholangitis. NEJM 1992, 326:1582-6. PMID 1584258