Chickenpox primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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== Overview== | == Overview== | ||
[[Vaccination]] is recommended for children as well as adults who haven't been [[Vaccination|vaccinated]] previously to prevent [[chickenpox]]. Two doses of [[Varicella vaccine|chickenpox vaccine]] are recommended for children who never have contracted [[chickenpox]] at the following intervals. | [[Vaccination]] is recommended for children as well as adults who haven't been [[Vaccination|vaccinated]] previously to prevent [[chickenpox]]. Two doses of [[Varicella vaccine|chickenpox vaccine]] are recommended for children who never have contracted [[chickenpox]] at the following intervals. The first dose is recommended between 12-15 months of age. The second dose is recommended around 4-6 years of age and also it may be given earlier if the gap between the doses is at least three months from the first dose. In adults, a [[vaccine]] is recommended for people who are 13 years of age or older. There should be a gap of at least 28 days between the two doses. | ||
==Primary Prevention== | ==Primary Prevention== | ||
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--><ref>{{cite journal | author=Chaves SS, Gargiullo P, Zhang JX, ''et al.'' | title=Loss of vaccine-induced immunity to varicella over time | journal=N Engl J Med | year=2007 | volume=356 | issue=11 | pages=1121–9 | id=PMID 17360990}}</ref> | --><ref>{{cite journal | author=Chaves SS, Gargiullo P, Zhang JX, ''et al.'' | title=Loss of vaccine-induced immunity to varicella over time | journal=N Engl J Med | year=2007 | volume=356 | issue=11 | pages=1121–9 | id=PMID 17360990}}</ref> | ||
* In 1995, since [[chickenpox vaccine]] became available in the United States In 2014, 91% of children 19 to 35 months old in the United States had received one dose of [[varicella vaccine]], varying from 83% to 95% by state. Among adolescents 13 to 17 years of age without a prior history of disease, 95% had received 1 dose of [[varicella vaccine]], and 81% had received 2 doses of the vaccine. Eighty-five percent of adolescents had either a history of [[Chickenpox|varicella disease]] or received 2 doses of [[varicella vaccine]]. | * In 1995, since [[chickenpox vaccine]] became available in the United States In 2014, 91% of children 19 to 35 months old in the United States had received one dose of [[varicella vaccine]], varying from 83% to 95% by the state. Among adolescents 13 to 17 years of age without a prior history of the disease, 95% had received 1 dose of [[varicella vaccine]], and 81% had received 2 doses of the vaccine. Eighty-five percent of adolescents had either a history of [[Chickenpox|varicella disease]] or received 2 doses of [[varicella vaccine]]. | ||
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'''Adolescents and Adults''' | '''Adolescents and Adults''' | ||
*2 doses separated by at least 4 weeks | *2 doses separated by at least 4 weeks | ||
*Do not repeat first dose because of extended interval between doses | *Do not repeat the first dose because of extended interval between doses | ||
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*Severe [[allergic reaction]] to [[vaccine]] component or following a prior dose | *Severe [[allergic reaction]] to [[vaccine]] component or following a prior dose | ||
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*Approved for children 12 months through 12 years | *Approved for children 12 months through 12 years | ||
* | *It should not be used for persons 13 years and older | ||
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*Efficacy of [[MMRV vaccine]] was inferred from that of [[MMR vaccine]] and [[varicella vaccine]] on the basis of | *Efficacy of [[MMRV vaccine]] was inferred from that of [[MMR vaccine]] and [[varicella vaccine]] on the basis of non-inferior [[immunogenicity]] | ||
*Formal studies to evaluate the clinical efficacy of [[MMRV vaccine]] have not been performed<ref name="CDCmmrv">http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5903a1.htm Accessed on October 24, 2016</ref> | *Formal studies to evaluate the clinical efficacy of [[MMRV vaccine]] have not been performed<ref name="CDCmmrv">http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5903a1.htm Accessed on October 24, 2016</ref> | ||
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Revision as of 16:45, 26 July 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Vaccination is recommended for children as well as adults who haven't been vaccinated previously to prevent chickenpox. Two doses of chickenpox vaccine are recommended for children who never have contracted chickenpox at the following intervals. The first dose is recommended between 12-15 months of age. The second dose is recommended around 4-6 years of age and also it may be given earlier if the gap between the doses is at least three months from the first dose. In adults, a vaccine is recommended for people who are 13 years of age or older. There should be a gap of at least 28 days between the two doses.
Primary Prevention
Vaccination
A varicella vaccine has been available since 1995 to inoculate against the disease. Some countries require the varicella vaccination or an exemption before entering elementary school. Protection is not lifelong and further vaccination is necessary five years after the initial immunization.[1]
- In 1995, since chickenpox vaccine became available in the United States In 2014, 91% of children 19 to 35 months old in the United States had received one dose of varicella vaccine, varying from 83% to 95% by the state. Among adolescents 13 to 17 years of age without a prior history of the disease, 95% had received 1 dose of varicella vaccine, and 81% had received 2 doses of the vaccine. Eighty-five percent of adolescents had either a history of varicella disease or received 2 doses of varicella vaccine.
| Varicella containing vaccines | Indications | Efficacy and immunogenicity | Recommended dose | Contraindications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Varicella vaccine (Varivax)[2][3][4][5] |
Children
Adolescents and Adults |
|
Children
Adolescents and Adults
|
|
| Measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (ProQuad)[2] |
|
|
|
|
References
- ↑ Chaves SS, Gargiullo P, Zhang JX; et al. (2007). "Loss of vaccine-induced immunity to varicella over time". N Engl J Med. 356 (11): 1121&ndash, 9. PMID 17360990.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/varicella.html Accessed on October 24, 2016
- ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1996;45(No.RR-11)
- ↑ Goldman, GS (2005). "Universal varicella vaccination: efficacy trends and effect on herpes zoster". International Journal of Toxicology. 24 (4): 205–213. PMID 16126614.
- ↑ Brisson M, Gay N, Edmunds W, Andrews N (2002). "Exposure to varicella boosts immunity to herpes-zoster: implications for mass vaccination against chicken pox". Vaccine. 20 (19–20): 2500–7. PMID 12057605.
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5903a1.htm Accessed on October 24, 2016