Cellulitis causes
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Group A streptococcus and staphylococcus[1] are the most common causative agents of cellulitis. These bacteria are part of the normal flora living on the skin.
Causes
- The causative pathogen of cellulitis varies with the anatomical location and the patient’s medical and exposure history.
| Predisposing Factor | Anatomical Location | Likely Etiology |
| Periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis | Eyelid and periocular tissues | Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Buccal cellulitis in children without Hib vaccine | Cheek | Haemophilus influenzae |
| Cellulitis complicated by body piercing | Ear, nose, umbilicus | S. aureus, S. pyogenes |
| Perianal cellulitis | Perineum | S. pyogenes |
| Subcutaneous injection of illicit drugs (“skin popping”) | Extremities, neck | S. aureus, Streptococcus (group A, B, C, F, G) |
| Breast surgert with axillary lymph node dissection | Ipsilateral arm | Non–group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus |
| Harvest of saphenous vein | Ipsilateral leg | Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus |
| Crepitant or gangrenous cellulitis | Extremities, Trunk | Clostridium or non–spore-forming anaerobes; alone or with E. coli, Klebsiella, or Aeromonas |
| Diabetic foot ulcer | Dorsum of foot or toes | S. aureus, Streptococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, or anaerobes |
| Exposure to salt water at breeches of skin | Extremities | Vibrio vulnificus |
| Exposure to fresh water at breeches of skin | Extremities | Aeromonas hydrophila |
| Medicinal leech therapy | Extremities | Aeromonas hydrophila |
| Working as a butcher, fish or clam handler, veterinarian | Fingers | Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae |
Drug Side Effect
References
- ↑ Fleisher G, Ludwig S (1980). "Cellulitis: a prospective study". Ann Emerg Med. 9 (5): 246–9. PMID 6768328.
- ↑ Swartz, MN. (2004). "Clinical practice. Cellulitis". N Engl J Med. 350 (9): 904–12. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp031807. PMID 14985488. Unknown parameter
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