Cardiac effects of insect bites

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Associate Editor: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

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Snake bite

Cardiovascular effects of snake bites (snake venom) as follow;

Coronary spasm and acute myocardial infarction ^[1] ^[2] ^[3]

Hypercoagulability. There are some procoagulants such as arginine esterase in snake venom. Therefore, significant envenomation may result in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)^[4]

Myocarditis ^[5]

Hypovolemic shock: Snake venom has haemorrhagins. Haemorrhagins increase vascular permeability and cause tendency to bleeding. Acute myocardial infarction can occur by profound hypotension and hypovolemic shock secondary to this bleeding tendency effect of snake venom. ^[6]

EKG Examples

Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicating Snake Bite

Scorpions

Death by scorpion sting, if it occurs, is the result of heart failure or respiratory failure a few hours after the incident.^[7] The most frequent cardiovascular and pulmonary findings are: ^[8] ^[9] ^[10]

EKG Examples

Cardiovascular Manifestations of Scorpion Sting

References

↑ Aravanis Christ, Joannidis Paul J, Ktenas John. Acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident in a young girl after a viper bite. Br Heart J 1982; 47: 500-3
↑ Tony JC, Bhat R. Acute myocardial infarction following snake bite. Trop Doct 1995; 3: 137.
↑ Blondheim DS, Plich M, Berman M, Khair G, Tzvig L, Ez H J, Marmor AT. Acute myocardial infarction complicating viper bite Am J Cardiol 1996; 78: 492-3
↑ Aravanis Christ, Joannidis Paul J, Ktenas John. Acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident in a young girl after a viper bite. Br Heart J 1982; 47: 500-3
↑ Hoffman A, Levi O, Orgad U, Nyska A. Myocarditis following envenoming with Vipera palaestineae in two horses. Toxicon 1993;311623-28.
↑ Maheshwari M, Mittal SR, Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicating Snake Bite, JAPI, Vol. 52 • January 2004, 63-64
↑ Karnad DR. Haemodynamic patterns in patients with scorpion envenomation. Heart. May 1998;79(5):485-9. [Medline].
↑ Amaral CF, Lopes JA, Magalhaes RA, de Rezende NA. Electrocardiographic, enzymatic and echocardiographic evidence of myocardial damage after Tityus serrulatus scorpion poisoning. Am J Cardiol. Mar 15 1991;67(7):655-7. [Medline]
↑ Gueron M, Yaron R, Cardiovascular Manifestations of Severe Scorpion Sting Clinicopathologic Correlations, Chest, vol. 57, no. 2, February 1970, 156-62 Scorpion bite
↑ Bawaskar HS. Diagnostic cardiac premonitory signs and symptoms of red scorpion sting. Lancet. Mar 6 1982;1(8271):552-4. [Medline].

External links

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[1] Aravanis Christ, Joannidis Paul J, Ktenas John. Acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident in a young girl after a viper bite. Br Heart J 1982; 47: 500-3

[2] Tony JC, Bhat R. Acute myocardial infarction following snake bite. Trop Doct 1995; 3: 137.

[3] Blondheim DS, Plich M, Berman M, Khair G, Tzvig L, Ez H J, Marmor AT. Acute myocardial infarction complicating viper bite Am J Cardiol 1996; 78: 492-3

[4] Aravanis Christ, Joannidis Paul J, Ktenas John. Acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident in a young girl after a viper bite. Br Heart J 1982; 47: 500-3

[5] Hoffman A, Levi O, Orgad U, Nyska A. Myocarditis following envenoming with Vipera palaestineae in two horses. Toxicon 1993;311623-28.

[6] Maheshwari M, Mittal SR, Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicating Snake Bite, JAPI, Vol. 52 • January 2004, 63-64

[7] Karnad DR. Haemodynamic patterns in patients with scorpion envenomation. Heart. May 1998;79(5):485-9. [Medline].

[8] Amaral CF, Lopes JA, Magalhaes RA, de Rezende NA. Electrocardiographic, enzymatic and echocardiographic evidence of myocardial damage after Tityus serrulatus scorpion poisoning. Am J Cardiol. Mar 15 1991;67(7):655-7. [Medline]

[9] Gueron M, Yaron R, Cardiovascular Manifestations of Severe Scorpion Sting Clinicopathologic Correlations, Chest, vol. 57, no. 2, February 1970, 156-62 Scorpion bite

[10] Bawaskar HS. Diagnostic cardiac premonitory signs and symptoms of red scorpion sting. Lancet. Mar 6 1982;1(8271):552-4. [Medline].

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v t e Electrocardiography
Overview	History of the EKG • EKG interpretation basics • Normal sinus rhythm
EKG Complexes	P wave • QRS complex • ST Segment • T wave • T wave alternans • Tombstone T wave • U wave Osborn wave • H wave • K wave • Delta wave NSSTW changes
EKG Intervals	PR Interval • QRS Interval • ST Interval • QT Interval
Conduction System & Bradycardia	Cardiac pacemaker • SA node • AV node• Bundle of His • Purkinje fibers • Sinus bradycardia • First Degree AV Block • Second Degree AV Block • Complete or Third-Degree AV Block • Concealed conduction • AV Junctional Rhythms • LBBB • LAHB • LPHB • RBBB • Trifascicular block
Atrial Arrhythmias	Sinus tachycardia • Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs) • Ectopic Atrial Rhythm • Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) • Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) with Block • Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT) • Atrial Flutter • Atrial Fibrillation • Wandering atrial pacemaker
Ventricular Arrhythmias	Differential Diagnosis of Tachycardia with a Wide QRS Complex • Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm • Ventricular Parasystole • Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) • Ventricular tachycardia • Ventricular Fibrillation • Sudden cardiac death
EKG Abnormalities in Disease States	Hypertrophy & Dilatation • Right atrial enlargement • Left atrial enlargement • Biatrial enlargement • Left Ventricular Hypertrophy • Right Ventricular Hypertrophy • Biventricular Hypertrophy • Acute myocardial infarction • NSTEMI • STEMI • Tombstone ST elevation • Right ventricular myocardial infarction • Atrial infarction Pre-excitation Syndromes • Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome • Lown Ganong Levine Syndrome • Mahaim Type Preexcitation Cardiomyopathies • Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia • Dilated Cardiomyopathy • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Drug Effects on the EKG • Adenosine • β-blockers • Digitalis • Quinidine • Procainamide • Disopyramide • Lidocaine • Tocainide and Mexiletine • Phenytoin • Encainide, Flecainide and Propafenone • Amiodarone • Bretylium • Ca Channel Blockers • Phenothiazines • Tricyclic Antidepressants • Lithium Congenital Heart Disease • Dextrocardia • Atrial Septal Defect • Ventricular Septal Defect • Tetralogy of Fallot • Conjoined Twins or Siamese Twins • Congenital heart block Electrolyte Disturbances • Hyperkalemia • Hypokalemia • Hypercalcemia • Hypocalcemia • Nonspecific Changes Other Heart Diseases • Pericarditis • Myocarditis • Tamponade • Heart Transplantation • Sick Sinus Syndrome • Long QT Syndrome Inherited Disease • Brugada Syndrome Systemic Diseases • CNS Disease • Cardiac Tumors Heart Transplantation • EKG Changes in patient with Heart Transplantation Exogenous Effects • Hypothermia • Chest Trauma • Insect Bites • Electric Injuries
Technical Issues and Potential Errors in Interpretation	Artifacts • Lead Placement Errors • The EKG in a Patient with a Pacemaker • EKG in athletes

Cardiac effects of insect bites

Contents

Snake bite

EKG Examples

Scorpions

EKG Examples

References

See also

External links

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