Carcinoid syndrome echocardiography or ultrasound: Difference between revisions

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{{Carcinoid syndrome}}
{{Carcinoid syndrome}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{PSD}}
==Overview==
Trans-thoracic [[echocardiography]] findings include thickening and retraction of immobile [[Tricuspid valves|tricuspid valve]] leaflets with associated [[tricuspid regurgitation]] and immobility of the [[pulmonary valve]] [[Cusps of heart valves|cusps]]. Trans-esophageal [[Echocardiograms|echocardiography]] findings provide incremental assessment of the degree of [[cardiac valve]] involvement and the [[Atrial septum|atrial septal]] [[anatomy]] in patients with [[Carcinoid Disease|carcinoid]] [[Heart diseases|heart disease]].
==Echocardiography==
=Transthoracic echocardiography=
*It is the [[Gold standard (test)|gold standard]] for diagnosis and follow-up of [[Carcinoid Disease|carcinoid]] [[Heart diseases|heart disease.]]<ref name="pmid7681733">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pellikka PA, Tajik AJ, Khandheria BK, Seward JB, Callahan JA, Pitot HC, Kvols LK |title=Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients |journal=Circulation |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=1188–96 |date=April 1993 |pmid=7681733 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="StougiannosMichas2017">{{cite journal|last1=Stougiannos|first1=Pavlos|last2=Michas|first2=George|last3=Evdoridis|first3=Constantinos|last4=Arapantoni-Dadioti|first4=Petroula|last5=Tolios|first5=Panagiotis|last6=Kaplanis|first6=Ioannis|last7=Trikas|first7=Athanasios|title=Carcinoid heart disease in an elderly female patient: the value of transthoracic echocardiography|journal=Hellenic Journal of Cardiology|volume=58|issue=1|year=2017|pages=65–68|issn=11099666|doi=10.1016/j.hjc.2017.01.018}}</ref>
*Should be performed in all patients with [[carcinoid syndrome]] and high suspicion of [[Carcinoid Disease|carcinoid]] [[Heart diseases|heart disease]] such as clinical features or raised [[NT-proBNP]] and/or [[5-HIAA]] levels.
*Findings includes followings:
#Thickening and retraction of immobile [[Tricuspid valves|tricuspid valve]] leaflets with associated [[tricuspid regurgitation]], which is severe at the time of identification in 90 percent of [[patients]].
#Immobility of the [[pulmonary valve]] [[Cusps of heart valves|cusps]].
=Transesophageal echocardiography=
*[[TEE]] is primarily used intraoperatively to image the patient with [[carcinoid]] [[Heart diseases|heart disease]] during [[valve replacement surgery]].<ref name="BanzaliTiwari2007">{{cite journal|last1=Banzali|first1=Franklin M.|last2=Tiwari|first2=Anil K.|last3=Frantz|first3=Robert|last4=D’Attellis|first4=Nicola|title=Valvular Heart Disease Caused by Carcinoid Syndrome: Emphasis on the Use of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography|journal=Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia|volume=21|issue=6|year=2007|pages=855–857|issn=10530770|doi=10.1053/j.jvca.2007.06.014}}</ref>
*[[TEE]] may provide incremental assessment of the degree of [[cardiac valve]] involvement and the [[Atrial septum|atrial septal]] anatomy in [[patients]] with [[carcinoid]] [[Heart diseases|heart disease.]]
=Cardiac magnetic resonance=
*It can be used to evaluate the [[pulmonary valve]], identify [[cardiac]] [[metastases]], and assess [[right ventricular]] size and function.<ref name="pmid16272847">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bastarrika G, Cao MG, Cano D, Barba J, de Buruaga JD |title=Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of carcinoid heart disease |journal=J Comput Assist Tomogr |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=756–9 |date=2005 |pmid=16272847 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
 
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Latest revision as of 19:54, 3 May 2019

Carcinoid syndrome Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Overview

Trans-thoracic echocardiography findings include thickening and retraction of immobile tricuspid valve leaflets with associated tricuspid regurgitation and immobility of the pulmonary valve cusps. Trans-esophageal echocardiography findings provide incremental assessment of the degree of cardiac valve involvement and the atrial septal anatomy in patients with carcinoid heart disease.

Echocardiography

Transthoracic echocardiography

  1. Thickening and retraction of immobile tricuspid valve leaflets with associated tricuspid regurgitation, which is severe at the time of identification in 90 percent of patients.
  2. Immobility of the pulmonary valve cusps.

Transesophageal echocardiography

Cardiac magnetic resonance

References

  1. Pellikka PA, Tajik AJ, Khandheria BK, Seward JB, Callahan JA, Pitot HC, Kvols LK (April 1993). "Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients". Circulation. 87 (4): 1188–96. PMID 7681733.
  2. Stougiannos, Pavlos; Michas, George; Evdoridis, Constantinos; Arapantoni-Dadioti, Petroula; Tolios, Panagiotis; Kaplanis, Ioannis; Trikas, Athanasios (2017). "Carcinoid heart disease in an elderly female patient: the value of transthoracic echocardiography". Hellenic Journal of Cardiology. 58 (1): 65–68. doi:10.1016/j.hjc.2017.01.018. ISSN 1109-9666.
  3. Banzali, Franklin M.; Tiwari, Anil K.; Frantz, Robert; D’Attellis, Nicola (2007). "Valvular Heart Disease Caused by Carcinoid Syndrome: Emphasis on the Use of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography". Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 21 (6): 855–857. doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2007.06.014. ISSN 1053-0770.
  4. Bastarrika G, Cao MG, Cano D, Barba J, de Buruaga JD (2005). "Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of carcinoid heart disease". J Comput Assist Tomogr. 29 (6): 756–9. PMID 16272847.

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