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* '''Origin'''
* '''Origin'''
:*Primary
:*Primary
:*Secondary  
:*Secondary ( see "Classification" table, below)
* '''Histopathological origin'''  
* '''Histopathological origin'''  
:*Cartilage tumors
:*Cartilage tumors
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The table below summarizes the classification of bone and cartilage tumors according to histopathological origin, tumor location, and tumor nature.<ref name="bone1"> Bone tumors. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_tumor Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref><ref name="bone2">Alina Maria Sisu. On the Bone Tumours: Overview, Classification, Incidence, Histopathological Issues, Behavior and Review Using Literature Data. http://www.intechopen.com/books/histopathology-reviews-and-recent-advances/on-the-bone-tumours-overview-classification-incidence-histopathological-issues-behavior-and-review Accessed on February 2, 2016 </ref>
*The table below summarizes the classification of bone and cartilage tumors according to histopathological origin, tumor location, and tumor nature.<ref name="bone1"> Bone tumors. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_tumor Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref><ref name="bone2">Alina Maria Sisu. On the Bone Tumours: Overview, Classification, Incidence, Histopathological Issues, Behavior and Review Using Literature Data. http://www.intechopen.com/books/histopathology-reviews-and-recent-advances/on-the-bone-tumours-overview-classification-incidence-histopathological-issues-behavior-and-review Accessed on February 2, 2016 </ref>


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*The table below summarizes the classification of secondary bone tumors (also known as "metastases") according to location, and bone formation pattern. 
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!style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" colspan=4|{{fontcolor|#000| Secondary bone tumors: classification <br> <SMALL> Adapted from Greenspan A et al. 2006 <ref name="greenspan">Greenspan A, Jundt G, Remagen W. Differential diagnosis in orthopaedic oncology. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, c2007. (2006) ISBN:0781779308</ref></SMALL>}}
|-
!style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" colspan="2"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|Bone formation pattern}}
!style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" colspan="2"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|Tumor location}}
|-
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" | '''Osteolytic'''
|
*Renal cell cancer
*Melanoma
*Multiple myeloma
*Non-small cell lung cancer
*Thyroid cancer
*Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
*Langerhans cell histiocytosis
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" | '''Skull'''
|
*Breast cancer   
*Lung cancer   
*Melanoma   
*Prostate cancer 
*Thyroid cancer (usually follicular)
*Renal cell cancer   
*Lymphoma   
*Leukaemia   
*Multiple myeloma
|-
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" |'''Osteoblastic'''
|
*Prostate cancer
*Carcinoid syndrome
*Small cell lung cancer
*Hodgkin lymphoma
*Medulloblastoma
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC"| '''Vertebral'''
|
*Breast cancer   
*Lung cancer
*Prostate cancer   
*Lymphoma   
*Renal cell carcinoma
*Gastrointestinal tract malignancies
* Melanoma
|-
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" | '''Mixed'''
|
*Breast cancer
*Gastrointestinal cancers
*Squamous cancers (at most primary sites)
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" rowspan="2" | '''Distal appendicular'''
| rowspan="2" |
*Lung cancer
*Breast cancer
*Renal cell cancer
*Prostate cancer
|-
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC"| '''Other types ( "Blow out" and "Cookie type")'''
|
*Renal cell carcinoma   
*Thyroid cancer
*Hepatocellular carinoma   
*Bronchogenic carcinoma
|}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 21:09, 11 February 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

Bone and cartilage tumors may be classified according to the WHO histological classification system into benign and malignant tumors, and categorized into 5 sub-types: cartilage tumors, osteogenic tumors, fibrohistiocytic tumors, notochordal tumors, hematopoietic tumors, and miscellaneous tumors.[1][2] In addition, bone and cartilage tumors may be sub-classified according to tumor location into 4 subtypes: diaphysis, metaphysis, epiphysis, and ungrouped/others.[3]

Classification

Bone and cartilage tumors may be classified by location, origin, and histopahological origin.

  • Tumor location
  • Diaphysis
  • Epiphysis
  • Metaphysis
  • Other/Unclassifed
  • Tumor nature
  • Benign
  • Malignant
  • Origin
  • Primary
  • Secondary ( see "Classification" table, below)
  • Histopathological origin
  • Cartilage tumors
  • Osteogenic tumors
  • Fibrohistiocytic tumors
  • Notochordal tumors
  • Hematopoietic tumors
  • Miscellaneous tumors.


  • The table below summarizes the classification of bone and cartilage tumors according to histopathological origin, tumor location, and tumor nature.[1][2]
Bone or cartilage mass classification
Adapted from ICD-10/WHO (9180–9269)[3]
Osteogenic tumors: bone-forming tumors Cartilage tumors: cartilage-forming tumors Fibrogenic or fibrohistiocytic tumors Cystic tumors Others ( hematopoietic, notochordal, and neuroectodermal)
Histological Type
  • Osteoid osteoma
  • Osteoblastoma
  • Osteoma
  • Osteosarcoma
  • Osteochondroma
  • Chondroblastoma
  • Enchondroma
  • Chondromyxoid fibroma
  • Desmoplastic fibroma
  • Fibrous dysplasia
  • Ossyifing fibroma
  • Non-ossifying fibroma
  • Unicameral bone cyst
  • Aneurysmal bone cyst
  • Giant cell tumor
  • Adamantimoma
  • Eosinophilic granuloma
  • Ewing sarcoma
  • Metastases
Epiphysis Diaphysis Metaphysis
Tumor Location
  • Chondroblastoma
  • Giant cell tumor
  • Intraosseous ganglion
  • Chondrosarcoma
  • Metastases
  • Ewing's sarcoma
  • Eosinophilic granuloma
  • Ewing sarcoma
  • Myeloma
  • Metastases
  • Adamantimoma
  • Ossyfing fibroma
  • Enchondroma
  • Osteosarcoma
  • Chondromyxoid fibroma
  • Unicameral bone cyst
  • Osteoid osteoma
  • Metastases
Benign Malignant
Tumor Nature
  • Osteoid osteoma
  • Enchondroma
  • Chondromyxoid fibroma
  • Ossifying fibroma
  • Osteoblastoma
  • Unicameral bone cyst
  • Aneursymal bone cyst
  • Giant cell tumor
  • Osteochondroma
  • Osteosarcoma
  • Ewing sarcoma
  • Chondrosarcoma
  • Fibrosarcoma
  • Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
  • Plasma cell myeloma
  • Metastases


  • The table below summarizes the classification of secondary bone tumors (also known as "metastases") according to location, and bone formation pattern.
Secondary bone tumors: classification
Adapted from Greenspan A et al. 2006 [4]
Bone formation pattern Tumor location
Osteolytic
  • Renal cell cancer
  • Melanoma
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Non-small cell lung cancer
  • Thyroid cancer
  • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis
 Skull
  • Breast cancer
  • Lung cancer
  • Melanoma
  • Prostate cancer
  • Thyroid cancer (usually follicular)
  • Renal cell cancer
  • Lymphoma
  • Leukaemia
  • Multiple myeloma
Osteoblastic
  • Prostate cancer
  • Carcinoid syndrome
  • Small cell lung cancer
  • Hodgkin lymphoma
  • Medulloblastoma
 Vertebral
  • Breast cancer
  • Lung cancer
  • Prostate cancer
  • Lymphoma
  • Renal cell carcinoma
  • Gastrointestinal tract malignancies
  • Melanoma
Mixed
  • Breast cancer
  • Gastrointestinal cancers
  • Squamous cancers (at most primary sites)
 Distal appendicular
  • Lung cancer
  • Breast cancer
  • Renal cell cancer
  • Prostate cancer
Other types ( "Blow out" and "Cookie type")
  • Renal cell carcinoma
  • Thyroid cancer
  • Hepatocellular carinoma
  • Bronchogenic carcinoma

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bone tumors. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_tumor Accessed on February 2, 2016
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Alina Maria Sisu. On the Bone Tumours: Overview, Classification, Incidence, Histopathological Issues, Behavior and Review Using Literature Data. http://www.intechopen.com/books/histopathology-reviews-and-recent-advances/on-the-bone-tumours-overview-classification-incidence-histopathological-issues-behavior-and-review Accessed on February 2, 2016
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Miller TT (2008). "Bone tumors and tumorlike conditions: analysis with conventional radiography". Radiology. 246 (3): 662–74. doi:10.1148/radiol.2463061038. PMID 18223119.
  4. ↑ Greenspan A, Jundt G, Remagen W. Differential diagnosis in orthopaedic oncology. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, c2007. (2006) ISBN:0781779308


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