Bleeding: Difference between revisions

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Emergency Bleeding Control
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VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 20:38, 29 July 2020

For patient information, click here.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Classification

Bleeding Classified by Severity

Bleeding by Location

Bleeding from Body Cavities

Hematemesis - vomiting fresh blood
Hematochezia - rectal blood
Hematuria - blood in the urine from urinary bleeding
Hemoptysis - coughing up blood from the lungs
Postpartum hemorrhage
Upper gastrointestinal bleed
Vaginal bleeding

Internal Bleeding

Aneurysm
Intracranial hemorrhage - bleeding in the brain caused by the rupture of a blood vessel within the head. See also hemorrhagic stroke.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) implies the presence of blood within the subarachnoid space from some pathologic process. The common medical use of the term SAH refers to the nontraumatic types of hemorrhages, usually from rupture of a berry aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation(AVM). The scope of this article is limited to these nontraumatic hemorrhages.

Causes

Drug such as Aprotinin, Azficel-T, Cabozantinib, Ixabepilone, Oritavancin, Romiplostim, Tiagabine, Trametinib, Valdecoxib, Ziv-aflibercept

Treatment

Emergency Bleeding Control

Discontinuation, Bridging, and Reversal of Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Therapy

Contraindicated medications

Active major bleeding is considered an absolute contraindication to the use of the following medications:

Perioperative Bleeding

Coagulation Monitoring | Anemia Management | Coagulation Management | Specific Surgeries | Coagulopathies

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{SI}}
+__NOTOC__
+{{Bleeding}}
+'''For patient information, click [[Bleeding (patient information)|here]].'''
 {{CMG}}
-{{EH}}
+==[[Bleeding overview|Overview]]==
-==[[Overview]]==
-==[[Prevalence, and risk factors]]==
-==[[Types of bleeding]]==
+==[[Bleeding classification|Classification]]==
-==Bleeding definition for the Cardiovascular Trials==
+===Bleeding Classified by Severity===
-[[Background]], [[TIMI bleeding criteria]], [[GUSTO]], [[CURE]], [[ACUITY HORIZONS]], [[CURRENT OASIS]], [[STEEPLE]], [[PLATO]], [[GRACE]], [[ISAR-REACT3]], [[ESSENCE]], the [[Bleeding Academic Research Consortium]] ([[BARC]])
+[[Bleeding classification#American College of Surgeons' Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Scheme|Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Scheme]]
+| [[Bleeding classification#World Health Organization|World Health Organization scale]]
+| [[Bleeding Academic Research Consortium|BARC bleeding criteria]]
+| [[Exsanguination]]
+| [[TIMI bleeding criteria]]
+| [[International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis bleeding scale|ISTH bleeding scale]]
+| [[GUSTO bleeding criteria]]
+| [[CURE bleeding criteria]]
+| [[ACUITY HORIZONS bleeding criteria]]
+| [[STEEPLE bleeding criteria]]
+| [[PLATO bleeding criteria]]
+| [[GRACE bleeding criteria]]
-==[[Causes]] ==
+===Bleeding by Location===
+====Bleeding from Body Cavities====
+* [[Hematemesis]] - vomiting fresh blood
+* [[Hematochezia]] - rectal blood
+* [[Hematuria]] - blood in the urine from urinary bleeding
+* [[Hemoptysis]] - coughing up blood from the lungs
+* [[Postpartum hemorrhage]]
+* [[Upper gastrointestinal bleed]]
+* [[Vaginal bleeding]]
+====Internal Bleeding====
+* [[Aneurysm]]
+* [[Intracranial hemorrhage]] - bleeding in the brain caused by the rupture of a blood vessel within the head. See also [[hemorrhagic stroke]].
+* [[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]] (SAH) implies the presence of blood within the [[subarachnoid space]] from some pathologic process. The common medical use of the term SAH refers to the nontraumatic types of hemorrhages, usually from rupture of a berry aneurysm or [[arteriovenous malformation]](AVM). The scope of this article is limited to these nontraumatic hemorrhages.
+==[[Bleeding causes|Causes]]==
+* Drug such as [[Aprotinin]], [[Azficel-T]], [[Cabozantinib]], [[Ixabepilone]], [[Oritavancin]], [[Romiplostim]], [[Tiagabine]], [[Trametinib]], [[Valdecoxib]], [[Ziv-aflibercept]]
 ==Treatment==
-'''[[First aid]]''', '''[[Emergency Bleeding Control]]'''
+===[[Emergency Bleeding Control]]===
-===[[Miscellaneous:Bleeding ]]===
+===[[Discontinuation, bridging, and reversal of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy|Discontinuation, Bridging, and Reversal of Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Therapy]]===
-'''minor bleeding''', '''Bleeding from body cavities,
-Minor bleeding is bleeding that falls under a Class I hemorrhage and the bleeding is easily stopped with pressure.
+====Contraindicated medications====
+{{MedCondContrAbs|MedCond = Active major bleeding|Bivalirudin|Reteplase|Rivaroxaban|Urokinase|Cilostazol|Enoxaparin|Fondaparinux}}
-The largest danger in a minor wound is [[infection]].  Bleeding can be stopped with direct pressure and elevation, and the wound should be washed well with soap and water. A dressing, typically made of gauze, should be applied. [[Hydrogen peroxide|Peroxide]] or [[iodine]] solutions (such as [[Betadine]]) can injure the cells that promote healing and may actually impair proper wound healing and delay closure.<ref>Waston, JR ''et al.'' Adv Skin Wound Care. 2005 Sep;18(7):373-8. PMID: 16160464</ref>
+===[[Perioperative bleeding|Perioperative Bleeding]]===
-=== Bleeding from body cavities ===
+[[Perioperative bleeding coagulation monitoring|Coagulation Monitoring]]
+| [[Perioperative bleeding anemia management|Anemia Management]]
-The only minor situation is a spontaneous [[Epistaxis|nosebleed]], or a nosebleed caused by a slight trauma (such as a child putting his finger in his nose).
+| [[Perioperative bleeding coagulation management|Coagulation Management]]
+| [[Perioperative bleeding management in specific surgeries|Specific Surgeries]]
-Simultaneous externalised bleeding from the ear may indicate brain trauma if there has been a serious head injury. Loss of consciousness, amnesia, or fall from a height increases the likelihood that there has been a severe injury.  This type of injury can also be found in motor vehicle accidents associated with death or severe injury to other passengers.
+| [[Prevention and treatment of perioperative bleeding in patients with coagulopathies|Coagulopathies]]
-[[Hemoptysis]], or coughing up blood, may be a sign that the person is at risk for serious bleeding. This is especially the case for patients with cancer.  [[Hematemesis]] is vomiting up blood from the stomach.  Often, the source of bleeding is difficult to distinguish and usually requires detailed assessment by an emergency physician.
-=== Internal bleeding ===
-{{main|Internal bleeding}}
-Internal bleeding occurs entirely within the confines of the body and can be caused by a medical condition (such as [[aortic aneurysm]]) or by trauma.  Symptoms of internal bleeding include pale, clammy skin, an increased heart rate and a stupor or confused state.
-The most recognizable form of internal bleeding is the [[contusion]] or bruise.
-=== Risk of blood contamination ===
-Because skin is watertight, there is no immediate risk of infection to the aide from contact with blood, provided the exposed area has not been previously wounded or diseased. Before any further activity (especially eating, drinking, touching the eyes, the mouth or the nose), the skin should be thoroughly cleaned in order to avoid cross contamination.
-To avoid any risk, the hands can be prevented from contact with a glove (mostly [[latex]] or [[nitrile rubber]]), or an improvised method such as a plastic bag or a cloth.  This is taught as important part of protecting the rescuer in most first aid protocols.
-Following contact with blood, some rescuers may choose to go to the [[emergency department]], where [[post-exposure prophylaxis]] can be started to prevent blood-borne infection.
-== As a medical treatment ==
-Before the advent of modern medicine the technique of [[bloodletting]], or phlebotomy, was used for a number of conditions: causing bleeding intentionally to remove a controlled amount of excess or "bad" blood. Phlebotomy is still used as an extremely effective treatment for [[Haemochromatosis]].
-== References ==
-{{Reflist}}
-== See also ==
-* [[Aneurysm]]
-* [[Coagulation]]
-* [[Upper gastrointestinal bleed]]
-* [[Vaginal bleeding]]
-* [[Intracerebral hemorrhage]] - bleeding in the brain caused by the rupture of a blood vessel within the head. See also [[hemorrhagic stroke]].
-* [[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]] (SAH) implies the presence of blood within the [[subarachnoid space]] from some pathologic process. The common medical use of the term SAH refers to the nontraumatic types of hemorrhages, usually from rupture of a berry aneurysm or [[arteriovenous malformation]](AVM). The scope of this article is limited to these nontraumatic hemorrhages.
-* [[Intracranial hemorrhage]]
-* [[Cerebral hemorrhage]]
-* [[Postpartum hemorrhage]]
-* [[Hematuria]] - blood in the urine from urinary bleeding
-* [[Hemoptysis]] - coughing up blood from the lungs
-* [[Hematemesis]] - vomiting fresh blood
-* [[Hematochezia]] - rectal blood
-* [[Exsanguination]] - death by bleeding
-<br>
-{{SIB}}
 [[Category:Medical emergencies]]
 [[Category:Blood]]
 [[Category:Hematology]]
-[[bg:Кръвоизлив]]
-[[bs:Krvarenje]]
-[[ca:Hemorràgia]]
-[[cs:Krvácení]]
-[[de:Blutung]]
-[[es:Hemorragia]]
-[[eu:Odoljario]]
-[[fr:Hémorragie]]
-[[it:Emorragia]]
-[[he:דימום]]
-[[la:Haemorrhagia]]
-[[lt:Kraujavimas]]
-[[nl:Versterkte bloedingsneiging]]
-[[ja:出血]]
-[[pl:Krwotok]]
-[[pt:Hemorragia]]
-[[ro:Hemoragie]]
-[[qu:Yawar apariy]]
-[[ru:Кровотечение]]
-[[sv:Blödning]]
-{{WH}}
-{{WS}}

Bleeding: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 20:38, 29 July 2020

Overview

Classification

Bleeding Classified by Severity

Bleeding by Location

Bleeding from Body Cavities

Internal Bleeding

Causes

Treatment

Emergency Bleeding Control

Discontinuation, Bridging, and Reversal of Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Therapy

Contraindicated medications

Perioperative Bleeding

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