Bacterial pneumonia history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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{{Bacterial pneumonia}} | {{Bacterial pneumonia}} | ||
'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:C Michael Gibson|C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.]] [Mailto:charlesmichaelgibson@gmail.com| <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>]; '''Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:''' Arooj Naz<br /> | '''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:C Michael Gibson|C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.]] [Mailto:charlesmichaelgibson@gmail.com| <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>]; '''Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:''' [[User:AroojNaz|Arooj Naz, M.B.B.S]]<br /> | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Detailed information pertaining to a patient's history may greatly assist in determining the underlying cause of [[pneumonia]]. Some common symptoms seen in a majority of patients include [[cough]], [[fever]], and a [[pleuritic chest pain]]. Specific signs and symptoms, such as [[diarrhea]], [[hyponatremia]], and [[anemia]] may increase the suspiciousness of specific causative organisms. Details pertaining to cough may assist in identifying the underlying cause. It is also important to inquire about risk factors and [[comorbidities]] as they can provide important information regarding the [[bacterial infection]]. | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
In order to understand the underlying cause of pneumonia, it is imperative that health care providers assess the patient's [[Bacterial pneumonia risk factors|risk factors]], as well as comorbidities and any other conditions that may provide further information. Affected individuals should be inquired regarding: | |||
*Duration of symptoms | *Duration of symptoms | ||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
**Dry | **Dry | ||
**[[Productive cough|Productive]] (Inquire about the amount and colour) | **[[Productive cough|Productive]] (Inquire about the amount and colour) | ||
***Productive cough may be indicative of:<ref name="pmid30020693" /> | |||
****Currant Jelly sputum: ''[[Klebsiella]]'' | |||
****Rust coloured sputum: ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' | |||
****Green sputum: ''[[Haemophilus|Hemophilus]], [[Pseudomonas]]'' | |||
****Foul smelling/ bad-tasting sputum: ''[[Anaerobic organism|Anaerobes]]'' | |||
**[[Hemoptysis]] | **[[Hemoptysis]] | ||
*Details pertaining to [[fever]] | *Details pertaining to [[fever]] | ||
**Temperature | **[[Temperature]] | ||
**Duration | **Duration | ||
**Pattern | **Pattern | ||
**Presence or absence of any chills | **Presence or absence of any [[chills]] | ||
*Associated [[Pleuritic chest pain|chest pain]] | *Associated [[Pleuritic chest pain|chest pain]] | ||
Certain exposures should also be inquired about. These include but are not limited to:<ref name="pmid30020693">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2021 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=30020693 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> | |||
*Exposure to | *Exposure to and use of equipment such as water coolers and water tanks as well as air-conditioners (may indicate a ''[[Legionella pneumophila|Legionella pneumonia]]'' infection) | ||
* | *Significant time spent in crowded areas especially homeless shelters, jails and prisons. Residing in poverty stricken areas can also contribute to infection development (may indicate a ''[[Streptococcus]] pneumonia, [[Mycobacterium|Mycobacteria]], [[Mycoplasma]],'' or ''[[Chlamydia]]'' infection) | ||
* | *Recent animal Exposure (''eg, [[Chlamydophila psittaci|Chlamydia psittaci]]'' is found in individuals with exposure to birds) | ||
*Recent sick | *Recent exposure with sick individuals | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
<ref name="pmid30020693" | ===Common Symptoms<ref name="pmid30020693" /><ref name="pmid28613500">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2021 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=28613500 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>=== | ||
*Fever | *[[Fever]] | ||
*Chills | *[[Chills]] | ||
*Productive cough | *[[Productive cough]] | ||
*Dyspnea | *[[Dyspnea]] | ||
*Chest pain (pleuritic) | *[[Pleuritic chest pain|Chest pain (pleuritic)]] | ||
*Weight loss | *[[Weight loss]] | ||
''Elderly'' patients may experience: | ''Elderly'' patients may experience: | ||
*Weakness | *[[Weakness]] | ||
*Lethargy | *[[Lethargy]] | ||
*Altered mental status | *Altered mental status | ||
*Dyspepsia | *[[Dyspepsia]] | ||
*Absence of fever | *Absence of [[fever]] | ||
===Uncommon Symptoms=== | ===Uncommon Symptoms<ref name="pmid30020693" /><ref name="pmid28613500" />=== | ||
*Fatigue | *[[Fatigue]] | ||
*Headache | *[[Headache]] | ||
*Myalgia | *[[Myalgia]] | ||
*Arthralgia | *[[Arthralgia]] | ||
*Diarrhea and hyponatremia (indicative of ''[[Legionella]]'') | *[[Diarrhea]] and [[hyponatremia]] (indicative of ''[[Legionella]]'') | ||
*Anemia and jaundice (hemolytic anemia) (indicative of ''[[Mycoplasma]]'') | *[[Anemia]] and [[jaundice]] ([[hemolytic anemia]]) (indicative of ''[[Mycoplasma]]'') | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Pneumonia|Pneumonia]] | [[Category:Pneumonia|Pneumonia]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Up-to-date]] | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 00:58, 7 August 2022
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz, M.B.B.S
Overview
Detailed information pertaining to a patient's history may greatly assist in determining the underlying cause of pneumonia. Some common symptoms seen in a majority of patients include cough, fever, and a pleuritic chest pain. Specific signs and symptoms, such as diarrhea, hyponatremia, and anemia may increase the suspiciousness of specific causative organisms. Details pertaining to cough may assist in identifying the underlying cause. It is also important to inquire about risk factors and comorbidities as they can provide important information regarding the bacterial infection.
History
In order to understand the underlying cause of pneumonia, it is imperative that health care providers assess the patient's risk factors, as well as comorbidities and any other conditions that may provide further information. Affected individuals should be inquired regarding:
- Duration of symptoms
- Presence of cough
- Dry
- Productive (Inquire about the amount and colour)
- Productive cough may be indicative of:[1]
- Currant Jelly sputum: Klebsiella
- Rust coloured sputum: Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Green sputum: Hemophilus, Pseudomonas
- Foul smelling/ bad-tasting sputum: Anaerobes
- Productive cough may be indicative of:[1]
- Hemoptysis
- Details pertaining to fever
- Temperature
- Duration
- Pattern
- Presence or absence of any chills
- Associated chest pain
Certain exposures should also be inquired about. These include but are not limited to:[1]
- Exposure to and use of equipment such as water coolers and water tanks as well as air-conditioners (may indicate a Legionella pneumonia infection)
- Significant time spent in crowded areas especially homeless shelters, jails and prisons. Residing in poverty stricken areas can also contribute to infection development (may indicate a Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycobacteria, Mycoplasma, or Chlamydia infection)
- Recent animal Exposure (eg, Chlamydia psittaci is found in individuals with exposure to birds)
- Recent exposure with sick individuals
Symptoms
Common Symptoms[1][2]
Elderly patients may experience:
Uncommon Symptoms[1][2]
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Myalgia
- Arthralgia
- Diarrhea and hyponatremia (indicative of Legionella)
- Anemia and jaundice (hemolytic anemia) (indicative of Mycoplasma)